Basic Substance

The ground substance, also known as the interstitial substance or substantia fundamentalis, is one of the main components of the tissues of living organisms. This substance constitutes the main matrix on which cells and other tissue elements are located.

The ground substance is a gel-like substance consisting mainly of water, electrolytes and macromolecules such as proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and collagen. Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans form glycosaminoglycan complexes (GAG complexes), which give the base substance high viscosity and elasticity. Collagen forms fibers that give tissues rigidity and strength.

The main substance performs several important functions in the body. First, it provides mechanical support to tissues and organs, maintaining their shape and structure. Secondly, it serves as a medium in which biochemical reactions and metabolism occur between cells and the environment. In addition, the main substance plays an important role in the immune system, participating in protecting the body from infections and other external influences.

In different tissues of the body, the main substance may have different composition and structure, which determines their different properties and functions. For example, in cartilage tissue the ground substance contains a large number of GAG complexes, which gives it high elasticity and an amorphous structure. In bone tissue, the main substance consists mainly of collagen fibers, which gives it rigidity and strength.

Thus, the ground substance is an important component of body tissues, providing their mechanical support, functioning and protection. Its composition and structure vary depending on the type of tissue and the functions it performs.

Basic matter is a key concept in physics and chemistry. It is an integral part of many materials and processes. The basic substance is characterized by its special property - elasticity or mechanical strength and forms the basis for the creation of various materials and structures.

The main component of liquids is water, the main chemical compound in biology. Even though it makes up almost 80% of the planet's total volume by mass and is so significant in quantity, only a small fraction of the main substance is involved in the biological process. Thus, it can be said that the basic substance was the least known initially and, conversely, our understanding of its significance has recently expanded. In physics, even before the invention of electricity, the basic substance was called “interatomic substance.” In the mid-19th century, the French scientist L. B. Guillotin put forward the hypothesis that the bulk of the earth's substance is basic substance, and that the Earth arose from a body consisting mainly of this substance. Thanks to atomic energy, a deeper knowledge of nature and interdisciplinary connections between various sciences such as physics, chemistry and biology became possible, thanks to which basic matter became