Radiation dermatitis

Radiation dermatitis

**Contents.** Introduction Etiology Pathogenesis Classification Clinical picture Diagnostics Treatment Prevention Conclusion Literature

Introduction

Many industries and scientific laboratories use radioactive materials for their research. This applies to both nuclear shops and radiochemical shops. And although the industry is striving to reduce the use of ionizing radiation, it is still one of the most dangerous environmental factors, causing a large number of exposed patients around the world. In the context of radiation medicine, special attention is paid to skin irradiation. When exposed to high doses of radiation, acute radiation damage to the skin may occur due to certain factors. It is critical that doctors are able to diagnose radiation injury when it occurs. Today we will look at the features of radiation dermatitis, its symptoms and treatment methods.

Etiology

Radiation dermatitis is a group of clinical manifestations that occur as a result of exposure to ionized radiation. Skin irradiation can result from irradiation by any means using any source of ionizing radiation. Radiation exposure is produced by X-rays, medical and industrial procedures, the production of radioactive isotopes, uranium ore, and the release of atomic waste. Factors responsible for skin radiation exposure can be divided into three main categories: intrinsic factors (dose rate and type of radiation), mechanical and biological skin defense mechanisms, and use of protective agents. External radiation sources usually produce only small doses, especially if the skin has normal barrier properties. Radiation therapy for cancer is the main factor causing radiation dermatitis.

Pathogenesis

Several aspects of the mechanism of radiation damage to the skin are known. A high dose of radiation can lead to dermatitis, known as an acute form of radiation sickness. Similar to poison intoxication, this acute reaction causes damage or stimulation of cells and tissues depending on the dose of radiation. Only a small portion of the skin - up to approximately 0.5%-6% - is directly exposed to radiation. Pigmented skin has very good resistance to radiation, while dark and sensitive (or dry) skin is poorly protected and is easily damaged. The high value depends on both the radiation dose rate and its type. X-rays ionize electrons in the layers of the skin, especially in the deepest layers (bottom 50 microns). The types of radiation determine the number and rate of damaging events that cause damage. If the radiation is hard (primary