Ectodermal Sacrococcygeal Sinus

The ectodermal sacrococcygeal sinus (sinus sacrococcygeal ectodermalis, or ESCS for short) is an anatomical structure that is located in the sacrococcygeal region of the human body. It is a derivative of the ectoderm and is a cavity filled with tissue called the ectodermal sinus.

The ectodermal sacrococcygeal sinuses are formed during human embryonic development at 27-30 weeks of gestation. They are formed from the ectoderm that covers the back of the embryo's body. During development, the ectoderm forms folds, which then turn into ectodermal sinuses.

In humans, there are two ectodermal sacrococcygeal sinuses: right and left. Each of them has its own characteristics and functions. The right ectodermal sinus is located on the right side of the sacrococcygeal spine and is connected to the bladder and rectum. The left ectodermal sinus is located on the left side of the sacrococcygeal region and is connected to the rectum and colon.

The functions of the ectodermal sacrococcygeal sinus include protecting the pelvic organs, storing prostate secretions and urea, and supporting muscles, ligaments, and fascia. In addition, the ectodermal sinus can be a source of tumor formation, such as bladder adenocarcinoma and rectal cancer.

In clinical practice, the presence of an ectodermal sacrococcygeal sinus can be detected using pelvic ultrasound and computed tomography. However, if the patient has symptoms related to the ectodermal sacrococcygeal sinuses, then additional evaluation and treatment may be required.

Ectodermal sacrococcygeal cyst - (ectodermal sacrococcygeal cyst) is an epithelium-lined cyst located in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the sacrum, coccyx, or external anal sphincter. In the sacral spine, it can reach significant sizes and, as it develops, lead to compression of the nerve endings in the spinal canal and impaired sensitivity in the lower extremities, i.e. paralyzing pain. Ectodermatic sacrocopial cysts are divided into single-cavitary (with one slit-like or tubular lumen) and multi-cavitary (several slit-like or tubular cystic tracts). Epithelial invasion of the walls of the accessory ducts and the formation of an ectoparameningeal duct occurs. In the cyst (hol, etc.) connective tissue sclerosis occurs.