Immunology Non-infectious

Immunology is a science that studies the body's defense reactions to various stimuli. One of the most important branches of immunology is non-infectious immunology.

Non-infectious immunology studies the body's immune response to antigens that are not associated with infectious disease agents. Such antigens may be isoantigens (antigens specific to a particular species or group of organisms) or tumor antigens.

One example of non-infectious immunology would be the body's response to organ or tissue transplantation. In this case, the antigen is the tissue or organ of the donor, which must be compatible with the recipient's body. If the antigens are not compatible, the immune system may begin to attack the donor's tissue and cause rejection.

Another example of non-infectious immunology is the body's response to tumor antigens. Tumor cells can produce antigens that can be recognized by the immune system and lead to the activation of immune cells such as T lymphocytes. This can lead to the destruction of tumor cells and a reduction in tumor size.

Thus, non-infectious immunology plays an important role in protecting the body from various antigens, including antigens associated with infectious diseases.

Infectious immunology Immune processes carried out in relation to infectious agents are one of the aspects of the immune system. Active human defense against infections is provided by cellular and humoral immunity. Cellular immunity is provided by macrophages, T-killer cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL), and natural killer (NK) cells. Humoral immunity is primarily the complement system, the humoral acute phase response, as well as antimicrobial peptides - cathelicidins, etc. Antigen-antibody complexes are recognized mainly by receptor antigens to the Fc region of IgG, which are located on the surface of macrophages and B -cells. There is only one immunoglobulin (Ig) class G containing such a region: the IgG2-gamma-1 variant. This region is contained in the position of the variable region - between the constant regions - heavy and light chains or (with some reservations) between hypervariates