Lipoxygenase

Lipoxygenases (syn.: lipoxidases) are enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids with atmospheric oxygen to form lipoproteins (lipoprotein lipoxygenases) and free radicals. They play an important role in regulating inflammatory processes and immune responses.

Lipoxygenases are zinc-dependent enzymes and consist of three domains: an N-terminal domain containing the active site, a central domain that binds oxygen molecules, and a C-terminal hydrophobic domain required for association with membranes. Lipoxygenase reactions occur in two stages: in the first stage, an oxygen molecule binds to the active site of the enzyme, and in the second stage, fatty acids are oxidized.

There are several types of lipoxygenases, which differ in their structure and function. For example, lipoxygenase type 1 (Lox-1) is involved in the regulation of inflammation and immune responses, and lipoxygenase type 2 (LOX-2) plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.

Normally, lipoxygenase enzymes are in an inactive form and are activated by various stimuli, such as cytokines, growth factors and other inflammatory mediators. Activation of lipoxygenase enzymes leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species, which can cause cell damage and the development of inflammation.

Thus, lipoxygenases play a key role in the regulation of inflammation and immune responses and are important targets for the development of new drugs.