Mastectomy Radical Extended

Radical Extended Mastectomy: Basic Aspects and Applications

Extended radical mastectomy (ER) is a surgical procedure used to treat some cases of breast cancer. Unlike a conventional mastectomy, which is limited to removing the tumor itself and some surrounding tissue, M. r. involves more extensive removal of tissue and lymph nodes in the chest area.

The main components of the procedure M. r. are resection of costal cartilages, extirpation of periothoracic and supraclavicular lymph nodes. Resection of the costal cartilage is performed to provide access to the tumor and remove additional tissue that may be infected with cancer cells. Extirpation of the periothoracic and supraclavicular lymph nodes allows the removal of pathologically enlarged lymph nodes that may contain cancer metastases.

Application of M. r. may be recommended in the following cases:

1. Spread of cancer to lymph nodes: If breast cancer spreads to the periothoracic and supraclavicular lymph nodes, M. p. may be recommended to remove affected nodes. This helps prevent cancer cells from spreading further in the body.

2. Cancer recurrence: If breast cancer returns after a previous operation or treatment, M. r. may be recommended to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue, as well as to check the lymph nodes for metastases.

3. Prophylactic mastectomy: For some women with a high genetic risk of developing breast cancer, a prophylactic mastectomy may be recommended. In some cases, this procedure may include M. r. in order to remove all possible foci of cancer and prevent its occurrence in the future.

It is important to note that M. r. is a major surgical procedure and may come with certain risks and complications. After surgery, patients are usually advised to undergo a rehabilitation period that includes physical therapy and psychological support.

In conclusion, extended radical mastectomy (ER) is an important procedure in the treatment of breast cancer, especially in cases of tumor spread to the lymph nodes or recurrences. It allows you to remove additional tumor tissue and check the lymph nodes for metastases, which contributes to more effective cancer control and treatment. However, before making a decision to carry out M. r. the benefits of the procedure must be carefully assessed against its potential risks and complications. Each case of breast cancer is unique, and the decision about the optimal treatment should be made by the doctor together with the patient, taking into account all factors, including the stage of the cancer, the patient's general condition and his or her preferences.

Future research and development in breast surgery may lead to new methods and approaches to cancer treatment that will help improve patient outcomes and quality of life. It is important to remember that early consultation with a doctor, regular screenings and awareness of risk factors are key to preventing and controlling breast cancer.

Today we will talk about this type of operation, mastectomy. In particular, its radical form, which is also called extended and is carried out under the name radical extended mastectomy or abbreviated as MRR. This operation is performed when other treatment methods have not helped or have been ineffective.

Mastectomy is the surgical removal of the mammary gland without performing the lymphadenectomy procedure (removal of lymphatic vessels during extended type mastectomies). First, the mammary gland and regional subclavian, parasternal and internal mammary lymph nodes are removed, and then the tumors. There is a complete option, which includes removal of lymph nodes, and an extended option, which involves removal of lymphatic channels. MRR is performed for cancer stages 0, I and II and in order to reduce the risk of cancer and prevent relapses. The operation is performed before the genes that trigger breast cancer are identified in the cancer cells. This type of surgery is also performed to prevent the development of metastases. During MPR, the doctor removes the mammary glands, breast cells, and tissue containing breast tissue. All this is removed as a single block without separation from other areas, and if necessary, the breast skin is removed along with a small skin flap, which is not always required.

The essence of the operation is complete excision of the mammary gland, including glandular and adipose tissue, regional areas