Oncogenetics

Oncogenetic diseases are diseases that arise as a result of genetic disorders leading to malignancy of cells (loss of their normal properties and transformation into tumor cells). Such diseases include cancer of the breast, stomach, lungs, skin, etc. Simply put, we are talking about malignant tumors originating from a certain type of tissue.

Currently, oncogenes are considered a key factor in the development of cancer. The discovery of these genes was made possible thanks to the work of several scientists. The first person to study oncogenes was the British biologist Thomas Huntaton. It was his contribution that is considered the first to help understand the mechanism of cancer. Later, several American and English scientists, in turn, studied the nature of oncogenes in more detail. This allowed scientists to develop new methods of combating cancer: transplanting genes targeted against cancer cells. These studies not only helped to develop new drugs, but also created the preconditions for completely curing all people from cancer. Today, mice have been created in the laboratory - copies of humans, in whose genome cancer cells have been grown; in fact, they can be used to select the most effective drugs and treatment methods. Some of these mice contain human DNA sequences. Many mutations that lead to cancer enter the body in different ways: through viruses, through the effects of radiation on the body or on the human genome. In addition, very often cancer appears in people due to malfunctions in the immune system. Ultimately, all these factors lead to the development of cancerous tumors. From the point of view of an oncogene, cancer is nothing more than a defense mechanism that has gotten out of control. The human body cannot ignore danger signals from different systems. Cells, for example, begin to secrete certain proteins, giving a “danger” signal to internal organs. This system, in response to an “alarming” signal, starts complex work to neutralize the source of danger (cancer cell). But, unfortunately, this mechanism is sometimes