Pronucleus

Pronucleus (lat. pronúcleus from pro and lat. núcleus - “core”) is an unconjugated (temporarily unseparated) single-molecule circular plasmid DNA, part of a double ring of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), consisting of two complementary open chains, each of which replicates separately and can be used to control the production of genes by ensuring that other genes within the cell are read. After induction of conjugation, pairs of pronuclei are combined into bivalent genomic recombination complexes. During the conjugation cycle, pBR322 is an independent single-stranded pronuclease. Compared to the circular DNA of about 60 thousand bp, which describes the S-factor I gene of the legume seeds “peas” and “moths”, it is about ten times shorter. The very first pronucleasomes were designated circular (non-spiralized) forms of DNA (Braga C. F., McDaniel C. L., 1956), but then (Littlejohn T. G., 1961) ring-helical DNA structures were also identified among pronucleoids. Part of many cellular systems that possesses an RNA-encoded pre-transcript and uses it to insert pronucleotide fragments into it and thereby change it (D'Aquino G