Radionecrosis

Radionecrosis is necrosis (death) of tissue caused by exposure to ionizing radiation.

Radionecrosis develops when receiving high doses of radiation during radiation therapy for cancer or as a result of radiation accidents. Ionizing radiation damages the DNA of cells and impairs their ability to divide and repair. This leads to cell death and the development of tissue necrosis in the irradiation zone.

Clinically, radionecrosis is manifested by pain, dysfunction of the affected organ, the appearance of ulcers and fistulas. Most often, radionecrosis develops in the bones of the skull, jaws, spine, pelvic bones and limbs.

Diagnosis of radionecrosis is based on data from radiation methods (radiography, CT, MRI), which make it possible to detect changes in bone tissue.

Treatment depends on the location and extent of the lesion. Surgical treatment of wounds, antibiotics, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are used. In severe radionecrosis, partial or complete removal of the affected organ may be required.

The prognosis for radionecrosis largely depends on the timely recognition of this complication and adequate treatment. In advanced forms, sepsis and death may develop.