Chagas syndrome

Chagas syndrome is a chronic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease is transmitted through the bites of blood-sucking insects such as bedbugs. Chagas syndrome occurs primarily in Central and South America.

The acute phase of Chagas syndrome is usually asymptomatic. Some people may experience fever, fatigue, swelling at the site of the bite, headache, and muscle pain. The chronic phase occurs several weeks or months after infection. During this time, parasites can damage the heart, digestive and nervous systems. Chronic symptoms include heart failure, irregular heart rhythms, enlargement of the esophagus or colon, and dementia.

Diagnosis of Chagas syndrome includes a blood test and an electrocardiogram. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease. In the acute phase, antiparasitic drugs are prescribed. In patients with chronic disease, symptoms such as heart failure are treated. A vaccine for Chagas syndrome has not yet been developed. Prevention includes vector control and screening of donated blood.