Shoulder

Shoulder: Basic Anatomy and Function

The shoulder, also known as the brachium, is one of the key parts of the human upper limb. Anatomically, the shoulder is the connection of the humerus (shoulder blade) to the humerus (shoulder joint) and includes many muscles, tendons and ligaments. This complex structure allows the shoulder joint to have a wide range of motion, making it one of the most mobile joints in the body.

One of the main functions of the shoulder is to support and control the movement of the upper limb. The shoulder joint has a three-axis hinge mechanism that allows forward-backward, up-down, and rotation around an axis. Thanks to this structure, we can perform a variety of actions such as raising, lowering, turning and extending the arm.

The main muscles responsible for shoulder movement include the deltoid (shoulder muscle), subscapularis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and scapularis. Each of these muscles plays a specific role in stabilizing and moving the shoulder. In addition, the shoulder is also supported by tendons and ligaments that provide additional support and stability during movement.

However, the shoulder is also susceptible to a variety of injuries and conditions that can limit its functionality. Some of the most common shoulder problems include muscle and tendon strains, ligament injuries, arthritis, rotator cuff syndrome, and glenohumeral periarthritis. Shoulder injuries and illnesses can cause pain, limited movement, and reduced quality of life.

Treatment for shoulder problems may include conservative methods such as physical therapy, medications, and muscle-strengthening exercises. In some cases, surgery may be required, especially if the injury is severe or conservative treatment has failed.

In conclusion, the shoulder plays an important role in the mobility and functionality of the upper limb. Its complex anatomy and multitude of muscles, tendons and ligaments make the shoulder a unique and important component of our body. Understanding the structure and function of the shoulder helps us care for it more effectively, prevent injury, and seek necessary treatment when problems arise.