Syncytiotrophoblast

The syncytiotrophoblast (STB) is a specialized layer of cells in the placenta that plays a key role in fetal development and function. It is formed as a result of the fusion of trophoblast cells that line the inner surface of the uterus.

The STB consists of many cells that form a syncytium, a single multinucleated structure. Syncytium ensures metabolism between the maternal body and the fetus, and also protects the fetus from infections and other harmful factors.

One of the main functions of STB is the synthesis of proteins necessary for fetal development. It is also involved in the formation of placental vessels, which ensure the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.

Syncytiotrophoblasts also play an important role in the maternal immune response to the fetus. They produce antibodies that protect the mother's body from infection and rejection of the fetus.

However, in some diseases, such as preeclampsia, fetal development may be impaired due to malfunction of syncytiotrophoblasts. In such cases, measures must be taken to improve placental function and protect the fetus.

The syncytotrophoblast is a monolayer of squamous epithelium, usually containing a layer of cytoplasm. The shape of the cells depends on the type of tissue cells that make up the epithelial layer. Syncytoproboblasts contain many attached cytoplasmic projections between the cells. Syncytic cells typically produce connective tissue that contains villi or hairs.