Sole of the Foot

The plantar surface of the foot occurs due to grinding on the side of the heel when the digital phalanx of the human thumb moves. On the back surface of the sole there is a so-called fat pad - an elevation of the skin. The flat convex arch of the foot has two longitudinal arches. The base of the first arch of the plantar surface of the foot is the region of the head of the first metatarsal bone of the foot, and the second - the head of the second metatarsal bone.

The sole of the foot is the area of ​​the sole of the foot that is responsible for distributing a person's body weight while walking or standing. It provides stability and protection to the bones and muscles of the legs. The sole of the foot consists of 3 layers:

- Skin is the top layer that protects the foot from damage and friction. - Fascia is the middle layer that contains blood vessels, nerves and other structures of the foot. - Muscles are the bottom layer, which consists of muscles, ligaments and tendons.

Functionally, the sole of the foot provides three main tasks:

1. Support function. This means that the sole allows the feet to rest on the surface of the ground and distribute the body's weight across the entire surface of the foot. To do this, it has a shape that allows it to withstand body weight and not slip on a smooth surface. 2. Mechanical function. That is, it reduces friction between the skin and the ground, which prevents the appearance of abrasions and calluses on the feet. To achieve this, the outsole has a texture that improves the grip between the foot and the ground. 3. Aesthetic function. It also contributes to the aesthetic appearance of the feet and makes it easier to maintain shoes and the shape of the feet.

The movement of the leg causes the bones of the foot to take pressure on the sole, and the muscle corset begins to contract and relax. Proper functioning of the sole requires a balance between tension and relaxation of the foot muscles and plantar aponeurosis. In addition, the sole must be strong enough to withstand gravity and provide support to the bony frame of the foot. A sole that is too hard can lead to imbalance and ankle pain caused by degenerative changes in the foot ligaments. And too soft a sole can cause skin defects, destruction of the stratum corneum of the skin and the occurrence of