Population statistics are a collection of data reflecting the number of inhabitants of a country or city for a certain period of time and their distribution by gender, age, race, nationality, education, income level, etc. Population is a key factor in the economic and social development of any country and an important indicator of its well-being. In addition, population statistics allow for comparative analysis between different countries, regions or population groups and to identify patterns and trends in their changes over time.
Typically, population statistics are collected by public or private organizations, including local governments, government agencies, labor exchanges, and demographic services. Information collection includes population surveys, analysis of civil registration data, census data, and other methods. One of the most common indicators is population size. In the context of government statistics, this information may also include data on the size of the family consisting of father, mother and children, the number of children born during a certain period, or the number of emigrants and immigrants into a country during a period of time. This comprehensive data set allows organizations to analyze economic impacts that affect populations, such as economic cycles, labor market changes, educational attainment, and income levels.
The use of population statistics is important not only for the public and scientific community, but also for policy. For example, when developing budgets for government programs, an important aspect is to take into account the projected population size and age structure, since, for example, government assistance to pensioners may vary depending on the age group, and educational services are distributed taking into account the general age structure. In addition, national income data can help assess the economic well-being of a society.