Urinary System

Urinary system

The human urinary system consists of organs that produce urine - the kidneys, as well as organs that serve to store and remove urine from the body - the ureters, bladder and urethra.

The kidneys are bean-shaped and located on both sides of the lumbar spine. Each kidney weighs from 120 to 200 grams and has a length of 10 to 12 cm. The substance of the kidney consists of two layers - the cortex and the medulla.

The main purpose of the urinary system is to remove toxins (end products of metabolism) and other harmful or unnecessary compounds from the body. These functions are carried out by the kidneys producing urine of a certain amount and composition.

With urine, the kidneys excrete urea, uric acid, salts, water, etc. The process of urine formation occurs in the nephrons, from which the kidney tissue is built. Each nephron consists of a renal corpuscle, where filtration occurs, and urinary tubules.

Urine collected in the renal pelvis flows through the ureters into the bladder and is discharged through the urethra.

Diseases of the urinary system can be congenital or acquired. Treatment depends on the cause of the disease and includes regimen, diet, drug therapy, and sometimes surgery.

An important role in disease prevention belongs to a healthy lifestyle, hardening, and timely treatment of infectious diseases.