Human Papilloma Virus

The papilloma virus is a widespread pathogen among the population that enters the body through microtraumas, wounds and mucous membranes of the body. Infection occurs against the background of reduced immunity, often observed in people with a weak immune system, after infectious diseases, as well as chronic infections (for example, HIV). The most widespread strains of the HPV virus on the planet are types 16, 18, 31, 45 (compared to strains 6, 7, 9, viruses of this type are less oncogenic). They are the ones that most often cause malignant tumors, mainly of the cervix.

The incubation period of the papilloma virus lasts from several weeks to several years. During this time, the virus goes through all its life cycles. And all this time the virus that has entered the body remains in a latent state. As soon as the body's defenses weaken, the virus comes out of hibernation and begins to actively develop. Moreover, he does not stop there.

Human papillomavirus

*Human papillomavirus or human papillomatosis virus*, also known as HPV (English: Human papillomavirus) is a genus of papilloma viruses, united by the common name “papillomavirus infection”. All representatives of the genus belong to the papillomavirus family. Papilloma viruses are able to penetrate the basal cells of stratified squamous epithelium located in the skin and mucous membranes of the human genital organs, oral cavity, larynx, and respiratory tract[4]. Once in cells, the virus lingers for several months, forcing the cells to continue dividing. This virus was first discussed in 1973, when oncocytosis of oncogenic strains of papillomavirus began to be detected in patients with asymptomatic papillomas[5].

Taxonomy

Papilloma viruses are widespread and cause a variety of diseases. Infections occur in different ways and depend on the type of virus, the amount of virus, pathogenesis and other factors. Papilloma infection has a wide range of manifestations, ranging from genitourinary papillomatosis caused by HPV types 6 and 11 and ending with severe clinical forms, such as squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck from HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35 and 45, arising against the background of immunodeficiency . One of the most common diseases caused by papilloma viruses includes warts and condylomas of the cervix. In men, papillomatosis is manifested by the presence of warts on and around the lips. In some cases, the virus can be transmitted from mother to child and lead to placental infection, as a result of which the pregnancy may be terminated or the fetus may be born prematurely and have serious defects in appearance.

In 1994, the viral etiology of oral leukoplakia was confirmed using nucleic acid hybridization[6], and in 2001, HPV-40 was isolated from skin cells of a patient with mixed leukoplakia of the cheek[7]

People with weakened immune systems, for example, patients with HIV infection, often experience changes in the skin and mucous membrane of the genital organs as a result of tissue transformation under the influence of HPV. The disease, formerly known as leukoplakia, was found to be caused by infection with high-risk HPV (HPV-16 or 18). A connection with metatypical cells in the disease dyskeratosis has also been proven[8][9].

Infection with the papilloma virus leads to the development of benign diseases and precancer or malignant tumors. When cancer occurs due to the uncontrolled spread of HPV, one of the first manifestations may be intraepithelial lesions.

The papilloma virus is an intracellular oncogenic virus with extremely high oncogenicity, which is sexually transmitted and causes genital tumors (HPV), anogenital warts (anogenital genital warts (condylomatosis), as well as cervical cancer in women. However, it is worth noting that for infection a person needs sexual contact with a sick person. Thus, the most common method of infection is anal or vaginal intercourse. In addition, oral-anal and oral-vaginal infections can occur. The virus is absorbed through microtraumas of the walls of the vagina, urethra, rectum (including the anus The high degree of oncogenicity of this virus is confirmed by the fact that every 25 women develop cervical cancer after infection. Many people do not know about their infection with this virus. The most common manifestations of infection are anogenital genital condylomas when the virus is activated, which are characterized by a dense condyloma form . The disease is a malignant change in the cells of the cervical canal. As a rule, there are no symptoms, but discharge from the genitals, followed by itching and burning, is possible. Clinically, human papillomavirus infection is manifested by damage to the oral mucosa (in men and women), manifestation on the external genitalia, as well as in the skin and soft tissues.

Papillomavirus (HPV) is a complex oncogenic and virus-like entity that can cause cervical cancer in women. Infection occurs through mucous membranes or microscopic lesions of the skin. Carriage of the virus leads to changes in the properties of the epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes. This increases the risk of transformation of epithelial cells into malignant cells (carcinoma). There are more than 200 varieties of this virus, but not all of them cause pathological changes in the skin. According to WHO statistics, about 7% of the world's male population is considered to be HPV carriers. IN

Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections among adults. A diagnosis of HPV is usually made based on a positive test for the virus. Women infected with HPV have an increased risk of developing cervical cancer.

HPV can cause a variety of symptoms, including genital