Viral Transformation

Title: Viral Transformation: Oncogenic activity and specific changes in cultured cells in vitro

Introduction:
Viruses with oncogenic activity can cause serious changes in the body's cells, leading to the development of dangerous diseases, including cancer. One of the mechanisms used by such viruses is viral transformation. In this article, we will review the specific changes caused by viruses in in vitro cultured cells and their relationship with oncogenic activity.

Oncogenic viruses and their effect on cells:
Oncogenic viruses, such as human papillomaviruses (HPV) and hepatitis B and C viruses, integrate their genetic information into the genome of the host cell. This leads to the expression of viral oncogenes, which can lead to cell cycle dysregulation, apoptosis, and other processes that promote cancer development.

Specific changes in cultured cells in vitro:
In vitro cell culture provides researchers with the opportunity to study the effects of oncogenic viruses on cells under controlled conditions. Viral transformation in cultured cells can manifest itself in several aspects:

1. Unlimited cell division: Viral infection can disrupt the normal cell cycle and activate mechanisms that promote unrestricted cell division. This can lead to the formation of cell lines that can continue to divide indefinitely, which is one of the main hallmarks of cancer cells.

2. Morphological changes: Oncogenic viruses can cause changes in cell morphology, making them more elongated, multinucleated, or have other abnormal shapes. This is due to a disruption of the normal organization of the cell skeleton.

3. Changes in gene expression: Viral infection can lead to changes in gene expression in cells. Oncogenic viruses can activate certain oncogenes or inactivate tumor suppressor genes, leading to an imbalance in cell proliferation and apoptosis.

4. Immune evasion mechanism: Some oncogenic viruses are able to suppress the body's immune response, which allows them to avoid destruction by cells of the immune system. This ensures the survival of infected cells and promotes the development of the tumor process.

Conclusion:
Viral transformation is a complex process in which oncogenic viruses cause specific changes in cells cultured in vitro. These changes include unrestricted cell division, morphological changes, changes in gene expression, and immune invasive mechanisms. Understanding these changes helps researchers better understand the mechanisms of cancer development and develop new approaches to its diagnosis and treatment.

Further research in the field of viral transformation and oncogenesis will help expand our knowledge of the role of viruses in the development of cancer and develop more effective methods for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

Viral transformation

Viral transformation is specific changes caused in the cells of the human body when interacting with specific viruses. Such viruses are known as oncoviruses and often cause tumors in humans. These changes in cells are often manifested through mutations, and scientists call those that can provoke the formation of malignant tumors the infectious suppressor system. The longer a person is infected with the virus, the higher the risk of developing cancer or other tumors. In this article, we will consider the features of viral transformation, during which intoxication, damage to the cytoskeleton and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause oncology occur at the cellular level.

Features of viral transformation processes

A set of genes was discovered in transforming viruses that became necessary for stimulating the cancerous degeneration of cells. This may be explained by the fact that during transformation, cells activate the processes of replication of viral particles, and do not restore