Pneumatization

Pneumatization is the process of formation of air-filled cavities in the bones. This process occurs due to the resorption of bone tissue and its replacement with air.

Most often, pneumatization is observed in the bones of the facial and cerebral skull, where the paranasal sinuses, such as the maxillary, frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid labyrinth, are formed. These sinuses play an important role in thermoregulation, humidification and purification of inhaled air, and also reduce the weight of the skull.

The process of pneumatization begins in the prenatal period and continues throughout life. With age, the sinuses increase in size and volume due to progressive pneumatization of the skull bones.

Disturbances in the process of pneumatization can lead to various pathologies, such as cysts and mucoceles of the sinuses. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms of normal and pathological pneumatization for the correct diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the paranasal sinuses.

Pneumatization is the presence of air-filled bone cavities in the skull. It is an important aspect of human anatomy and is essential for understanding the structure of the skull and its functions.

Pneumatization is the result of a process in which bone material develops and grows to form cavities that fill with air. This process occurs during embryonic development and continues throughout a person's life.

The presence of pneumatic cavities in the skull has a number of advantages. First, they provide additional strength and stability to the skull, which is especially important for protecting the brain. Second, pneumatic cavities provide additional flexibility and mobility to the skull, which aids in movement of the head and neck. Third, they allow air to circulate, which promotes respiratory and lung health.

However, pneumatization also has its disadvantages. For example, the presence of pneumatic cavities can lead to increased mass of the skull and impede its movement. In addition, pneumatization may be associated with various diseases and abnormalities such as craniosynostosis and acrania.

Thus, pneumatization is an important component of cranial anatomy and has many advantages and disadvantages. Understanding its role in the structure of the skull and its impact on human health is essential for a correct understanding of anatomy and medicine.

Pneumatization (from the Latin pneumaticus - inflatable) of the bones of the human skull is all or almost all (and sometimes about half of the skull) filling with their sinuses (anatomical voids).

Pneumatization can be _internal_ (cortical) or _external_\(retrotrochanteric). Internal pneumatization is most intense during the first year of a child’s life; an adult no longer has it (except for the pneumatic cavities in the nose). The air is contained by the periosteum (or perichondrium), intercartilaginous air spaces in the skull, perichondrial spaces of the costal cartilages, the septum and the bottom of the mediastinum, the bases of the bones of the leg, the anterolateral processes of the pubic bones, the interseptal bones, located in three compartments between the external nasal passage, the lateral and medial septa. The pneumagon is also the diploic spaces of the metaepiphyseal sections