Ureter-

Ureter: Anatomy, Functions and Diseases

The ureter is one of the main components of the human urinary system. It is a thin and flexible tube that transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The word "ureter" comes from the Greek "ureter", which means "ureter".

Anatomically, the ureters are located symmetrically on both sides of the spine. Each ureter begins at the kidney at the exit from the pelvis and descends, crossing the peritoneum and passing through the bladder, where it opens with internal openings - the orifices of the ureters. The ureters consist of three layers: the inner mucous membrane, the middle muscular wall and the outer fibrous membrane.

The main function of the ureters is to transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. This process is carried out thanks to peristaltic contractions of the ureter muscles, which create a wave-like movement and drive urine forward. The valve-like orifices of the ureters in the bladder prevent urine from flowing back into the kidneys.

Despite their importance, ureters are susceptible to certain diseases and disorders. One of the most common diseases of the ureters is ureterolithiasis, or urolithiasis, which is characterized by the formation of stones in the ureters. This condition can cause intense pain and impede the normal flow of urine.

Another common ureteral disease is ureterocele, the development of a cyst or enlargement of the ureter. This condition can cause urine to flow back from the bladder into the kidneys and cause urinary tract infections.

Additionally, the ureters may be affected by tumors such as ureteral cancer, which requires timely diagnosis and treatment.

Various techniques can be used to diagnose ureteral disease, including urography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and cystoscopy.

Treatment of ureteral diseases depends on the specific diagnosis and may include conservative methods, such as drug therapy, or surgery, such as stone removal or ureteral reconstruction.

In conclusion, the ureters play an important role in the functioning of the urinary system by transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Their anatomical structure and peristaltic contractions allow efficient movement of urine. However, ureteral diseases can lead to serious problems and require appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can prevent complications and maintain the health of the urinary system.

The ureter is an important organ of the urinary system in humans and many other mammals. It is a tubular formation that performs the function of transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The term "ureter" comes from the Greek word "ureter", which means "ureter".

Anatomically, the ureters are paired tubes, each of which arises from the corresponding kidney. The length of the ureters is approximately 25-30 centimeters. They run along the posterior abdominal wall and pump urine into the bladder through peristaltic contractions.

The ureteral wall has several layers. The inner layer is represented by a mucous membrane covered with epithelium, which has the ability to produce mucus that facilitates the sliding of urine. The middle layer consists of smooth muscle, which provides peristaltic contractions for the propulsive movement of urine. The outer layer consists of connective tissue.

The ureters play a key role in maintaining normal function of the urinary system. They transport urine produced in the kidneys to the bladder for temporary storage before subsequent removal from the body through the urethra. In addition, the ureters also serve a protective function by preventing the backflow of urine from the bladder to the kidneys.

Despite their importance, ureters are susceptible to various diseases and disorders. Some of the common problems associated with ureters include urolithiasis, urinary tract infections, ureteral strictures and various tumors.

Various techniques are used to diagnose and treat ureteral diseases, including urography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and endoscopic procedures. In some cases, surgery may be required to restore normal ureteral function.

In conclusion, ureters play an important role in the human urinary system. They transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder and help keep the body healthy. Understanding the anatomy and function of the ureter is important for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of this organ.