Anatomy of the descending vena cava

We have finished talking about the ascending part of the vena cava, and this is its smaller part. Let us begin to talk about the descending vena cava and say: branches first depart from the descending part of the vein when it emerges from the liver and before it rests on the spine. These are hair branches that go to the right kidney bag and diverge into it and into nearby bodies to nourish them. Then, after this, a large vessel is separated from it, which goes to the left kidney and also branches into vessels like hairs, diverging in the bag of the left kidney and in the bodies close to it to nourish them.

Next, two large vessels, called “ascending” vessels, branch off from the descending vein, which go to

both kidneys to cleanse the watery part of the blood. The fact is that the kidneys extract their nutrition only from these vessels, and the watery part of the blood serves as their nutrition.

From the left ascending vessel a vessel branches off to the left testicle in men and the ovary in women, similar to what we explained when talking about arteries. A vein does not differ in this from an artery, as well as in the fact that after this two vessels branch off from it, heading to the testicles. The vessel that goes to the left ovary always receives a branch from the left ascending vein, and sometimes in some people it comes from it entirely. In rare cases, it happens that it receives a branch from the right ascending vein, but most often it does not merge with it. Near the vein that goes to the testicles from the kidneys there is a duct where the seed ripens and becomes white after it was red, due to the fact that the vessels of this duct have many bends and they circle a lot, and also because enters these vessels from the veins of the spine.

Most of this vessel disappears in the penis and in the cervix and follows what we have explained about the arteries.

After the ascending veins and their branches are separated, the vena cava soon rests on the spine and begins to descend. Near each vertebra, branches are separated from it, which enter the vertebra and diverge in the muscles lying near the vertebra. Also separated from it are vessels that go to both sides of the groin and end in the abdominal muscles, as well as vessels passing through the openings of the vertebrae to the spinal cord.

When the vena cava reaches the last vertebra, it divides into two parts, which move away from each other, to the right and to the left. Each of them is directed to one of the hips. Before these parts reach the thigh, ten rows of branches branch off from each of them. One of them goes to the lower back, the other, which has thin, hairy branches, goes to some of the lower parts of the peritoneum. The third diverges in the muscles lying on the sacral bone, the fourth diverges in the muscles of the anus and the outer parts of the sacrum, the fifth goes in women to the cervix and diverges in it and in the parts adjacent to it, as well as towards the bladder. Then the branch going to the bladder is divided into two parts. Some disperse in the bladder, and some go to its neck. This part is very large in men due to the penis, but in women it is small.

From the vessels that approach the uterus from the sides, the vessels ascending to the nipples are separated, so that the uterus has something in common with the nipples.

The sixth row goes to the muscles located on the pubic bone, and the seventh goes up to the abdominal muscles, which lie in a straight line of the body. These branches adjoin the edges of the vessels, which we talked about going down the chest to the walls of the abdomen. In women, vessels leading to the uterus emerge from the roots of these vessels. From the vessels that approach the uterus from the sides, the vessels ascending to the nipples are separated, so that the uterus through them has something in common with the nipples.

The eighth row goes to the private parts in both men and women, the ninth goes to the muscles of the inner part of the rib and diverges in it, and the tenth goes along the surface, from the side of the urethra to both sides of the groin, and adjoins the ends of the descending vessels , especially those that descend from the nipples. Most of all these veins go to the buttocks.

The rest of the veins go to the thigh, and branches and branches radiate from them in the thigh. One of these branches divides in the muscles lying on the front of the thigh, and the second in the muscles of the lower part of the thigh and its inner surface, going deeper inside; other numerous branches diverge deep into the thigh.

The veins remaining after this, reaching a place slightly above the knee joint, are divided into three branches.

The outer branch stretches along the small cane to the heel joint, the middle branch stretches in the bend of the knee, going down and leaving branches in the muscles of the inner part of the leg, then branches into two branches. One enters the parts of the leg and disappears there, the second goes to the space between the canes, extending to the front of the leg, and merges with the branch of the said external branch. The third branch, that is, the internal one, goes to the place on the leg that is devoid of meat, then extends to the heel and to the convex place on the big cane, and goes down to the inside of the foot. This is the jugular vein.

Thus, these three branches turned into four: two external ones, which go to the foot from the side of the “small cane”, and two internal ones. One of the outer ones rises on the foot and divides in the upper parts of the region of the little toe, and the other is that which mixes with the outer branch of the said inner branch. They both separate at the lower parts of the leg.

Here is a list of all the veins. We are done with the anatomy of organs that are similar in their particles. As for the instrument organs, we will talk about their anatomy in a discussion that concludes with a description of the painful conditions of this organ and its treatment. Now we will talk about forces.