Anatomy of the ascending and both carotid arteries

As for the ascending part of the two parts of the aorta, it is divided into two lobes. The large lobe goes up to the subclavian fossa, then obliquely to the right side and, reaching the loose meat located there, similar to a wart, is divided into three lobes. Two of these lobes, arteries, are called “carotid”; they rise to the right and left together with the two deep-lying jugular veins, which we will talk about later, and accompany them when branching, as we will say later.

As for the third lobe, it diverges in the sternum, in the first true ribs, in the six upper vertebrae of the neck and in the region of the collarbone until it reaches the top of the scapula. It then moves past the shoulder blade to the parts of the arms.

As for the smaller part of the two parts of the ascending aorta, it is directed towards the armpit and is divided in the same way as the third lobe is divided

Each of the two carotid arteries divides upon reaching the neck into two parts - the anterior part and the posterior part. The anterior one is divided into two lobes. One goes deep and goes to the tongue and to the internal muscles from the muscles of the lower jaw; the other lobe goes along the surface; it rises to the region adjacent to the front of the ears and to the temporal muscles, and follows past them, leaving many branches there, to the crown of the head.

The ends of the artery coming from the right meet the ends of the artery going from the left.

The back part is divided into two branches. Most of the smaller branch rises upward and diverges into the muscles surrounding the head joint. Part of the smaller branch goes to the base of the posterior lobe of the brain, entering the large foramen near the lambdoid suture.

And the larger branch enters the network in front of this hole through an opening in the petrous bone, or rather, the network is woven from this artery - vessel with vessel, layer above layer, folds above folds, so that each of them cannot be taken separately, but only in conjunction with other folds with which they are connected like a network. This part of the artery diverges forward and backward, right and left, and spreads into a network. Then a pair is connected from its branches, as it was before. In the membrane of the brain, holes are formed for this pair, and it rises to the brain and diverges in the thin membrane, and then in the body of the brain itself, reaching its ventricles and the membranes of the ventricles. Here the openings of the ascending branches of this pair meet the openings of the branches of the descending venous vessels. Arteries ascend and veins descend only because veins are irrigation channels through which blood flows, and the best location of blood-irrigating vessels is when their ends face down. As for the arteries, they conduct pneuma, and pneuma is light, mobile and rises upward, so that in order to pour out, the vessel containing it does not need to be overturned. On the contrary, if it were created this way, it would lead to an excessive outpouring of blood accompanying the pneuma, and it would be difficult for the pneuma to move in it, since it is easier for it to move upward. The lightness and mobility of the pneuma is sufficient for as much pneuma to spread in the brain as needed, and it will warm the brain. Therefore, the network is spread under the brain, and arterial blood and pneuma circulate in it, and upon reaching maturity they become similar in nature to the brain, after which they gradually penetrate into the brain. The network is located between the bone and the hard shell.