Exercise therapy history

Since ancient times, doctors have always paid great attention physical culture. So, in ancient China, 3000 BC. techniques therapeutic exercises with a main focus on breathing exercises successfully used to heal the sick. And in ancient India, approximately 2000 BC. sacred books were created - the so-called "Vedas" (otherwise - "Books of Life"), which thoroughly described breathing exercises, part of religious ceremonies. In ancient India, yogic philosophy included more than 840 varieties and types of breathing. All this knowledge has survived to this day - for example, in Delhi there is an entire scientific medical institute dedicated to studying the effect of breathing exercises on the body.

1. History of the development of exercise therapy
2. History of the development of exercise therapy during the Renaissance
3. Modern history of the development of physical therapy
4. History of the development of physical therapy in Russia
5. Exercise therapy history. Conclusion.

History of the development of exercise therapy

Therapeutic gymnastics was able to reach a particularly high level in Ancient Greece. Plato, Asclepiades, Herodicus looked at healing gymnastics as an integral and obligatory important component Hellenic medicine.

The founder of clinical medicine, Hippocrates (460-377 BC), has a famous saying:

“Purity and harmony of functions are the result of a competent relationship of the amount of physical exercise to the health of the subject in question.”

In ancient Rome, in the collection of Oribaz (360 AD), all the materials available at that time about the medicine of that era were accumulated, while an entire book was devoted to therapeutic gymnastics alone. A special role in the development of therapeutic gymnastics was given to Claudius Galen (131-200 AD), the famous doctor of the gladiatorial school. Galen gave a clear and detailed description of gymnastics for various ailments: diseases of the musculoskeletal system, metabolism, sexual weakness. He used it for medicinal purposes not only gymnastics, but also sport exercises: swimming, rowing, horse riding, hunting, massage, as well as labor (mowing, fruit picking) and excursions. In his great book “The Art of Restoring Health,” the gladiator doctor wrote:

“Hundreds and thousands of times I have restored health to my sick through physical exercise.”

A significant contribution to the history of physical therapy was made by the great Tajik physician and philosopher Abu Ali Ibn Sina, better known in Europe under the alternative name Avicenna (980-1037). In his multi-volume works on the theory and practice of medicine, much attention is paid to the aspect therapeutic exercises, correct nutrition, hardening, rest, rational regime life.

The development of natural science during the Renaissance contributed to the strengthening of public attention to therapeutic gymnastics. In 1573, the first gymnastics textbook by Mercurialis (“The Art of Gymnastics” or “De arte gymnastica”) appeared. At a later stage, it is worth mentioning the German therapist F. Hofmann (1660-1742) - the author of the famous aphorism:

“Movement is life, and the best medicine for our body”

And also the famous French clinician J. Tissot, who in 1781 wrote the manual “Medical gymnastics, or training of human organs according to the rules of physiology and hygiene.”

Modern history of the development of physical therapy

Physical therapy began to develop most actively in the 19th century. Played a big role in this leap Swedish system of therapeutic exercises, developed by P. Ling (1776-1839), who created an entire gymnastics institute in Stockholm. Elements of Swedish gymnastics and individual apparatus (such as the Swedish wall, boom and others) are still used to this day. Second half of the 19th century. was marked by the emergence of a wide range original innovative systems therapeutic exercises. In 1864, Brand (Sweden) proposed a system of gymnastics and massage for the treatment of many gynecological diseases, Munich professor Ortel (1881) developed a health path as a method of treating cardiovascular diseases, and in 1884 the so-called gymnastics for patients with heart diseases (Schott) was born. .

In 1889, the Swiss doctor Frenkel proposed compensatory gymnastics for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system. A little later, Singer and Hofbauer (1910) developed therapeutic exercises for diseases of bronchial asthma, bronchitis and emphysema, and Clapp developed therapeutic exercises for spinal curvatures (1927). At the same time, the so-called mechanotherapy (complexes of Krukenberg, Zander, Caro, etc.), which for some time even supplanted other methods of therapeutic gymnastics.

History of the development of physical therapy in Russia

The use of physical exercises for healing purposes in Russia began in the 16th and 17th centuries, often in combination with physiotherapeutic procedures, hydrotherapy and hardening. In systematizing the theoretical and practical aspects of exercise therapy, the leading role was played by such famous scientists and clinicians as S.P. Botkin, M.Ya. Mudrov, N.I. Pirogov, G.A. Zakharyin, S.G. Zabelin, A.A. Ostroumov, P.F. Lesgaft and others. A major role in the cultivation and promotion of modern physical therapy belongs to V.V. Gorinevsky, I.M. Sarkizov-Serazini, I.A. Bogashev, which were published in 1923 and 1926. the first physical therapy manuals in the USSR. At the same time, in Moscow, regional and district centers, specialized institutions — state institutes of physical education with separate departments for physical therapy. In all subsequent years, an extensive network of exercise therapy rooms and departments was formed in our country in hospitals, clinics, and sanatoriums, departments of exercise therapy and medical supervision were created in medical universities and institutes for advanced training of doctors, and divisions in research institutes.

Exercise therapy history. Conclusion.

Thanks to these efforts Healing Fitness our country has formed into a separate independent discipline, and is now an integral and indivisible part the process of complex treatment, recovery and rehabilitation of sick and disabled people.