Is it possible to burn the nasal mucosa with drops? (English)

Among pathological diseases of the epithelium of the nasal cavity, traumatic changes, including burns of the mucous membrane, occupy a leading position. According to statistics, more than 70% of cases seek medical help due to domestic injuries.

It may take a long period of time to restore the burned nasal mucosa. A positive prognosis for treatment depends on the type of burn; it is possible to standardize the scope of therapeutic manipulations after determining the stage of damage to the epithelial tissue.

How to understand that the nasal mucosa is burned

When the epithelium comes into contact with chemical or thermal irritants, a burn of the mucous membrane occurs, which is differentiated by similar names with a stimulant that helps change the structure of the epithelial tissue.

In case of a chemical burn, the irritants are alkalis, alcohol, acid in contact with the border tissue of the nasal mucosa. Thermal damage to tissues contributes contact of the mucous membrane with high temperatures.

Symptomatic picture of damage due to thermal/chemical irritants similar to each other. The degree of burn and the duration of exposure to the irritant determine the characteristic differences. Among the similar signs it is worth highlighting:

at the first stage of damage, which is characterized by short contact with the irritant, the nasal mucosa swells and turns red;
with prolonged and intense exposure to the irritant, blisters form on the epithelial tissue, damage to the integrity of which provokes the formation of an ulcerative, painful defect (ulcers). These manifestations are inherent second degree burn;
at the third degree A typical sign is the death of epithelial tissue in the nasal cavity (necrosis). The severe degree can be differentiated by the ash-gray color of the shell.

Among the many factors that provoke burn injury, the most common is the indiscriminate use of vasoconstrictor drugs.

According to statistics, women more often turn to an otolaryngologist with complaints that they have burned the nasal mucosa with drops. In most cases, this reaction is caused intolerance to the active components of decongestants.

For reference! Every second pregnant woman experiences rhinitis during pregnancy (due to hormonal changes). One in seven Russian residents suffers from inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity every year. According to WHO, more than 70% of the population self-medicates, which leads to negative consequences (including tolerance to decongestants and burns of the nasal mucosa).

The following symptoms indicate damage to the mucous membrane:

partial or complete loss of smell perception;
violation of the integrity of the capillary walls, causing nosebleeds;
nasal congestion;
lingering nasal mucus discharge;
atrophic changes in the epithelium in the form of crusts;
itching and burning due to dry mucous membranes.

Patients do not attach importance to most of these signs, so therapy begins late.

Untimely treatment provokes undesirable consequences in the form of penetration of pathological microorganisms, as a result of which diseases such as sinusitis, rhinosinusitis, etc. can develop. With burns of 2 and 3 degrees, complications can manifest themselves in the form of suffocation, complete loss of smell.

Procedure for a burn of the nasal epithelium

The effectiveness of therapeutic measures directly depends on the timeliness and correctness of first aid. Regardless of the type of burn, first of all it is necessary to limit the contact of the irritant with the mucous membrane, and then rinse the nasal passages generously.

Depending on the irritating substance, irrigation is carried out with the following solutions:

neutralize the effect chemical compounds in the form of acids can be done using a soap solution. Alternatively it is also used 2% soda solution (per 100 ml. water – 0.5 tbsp. baking soda) or ammonia at a concentration of 0.1% (when 10 ml of ammonia solution is dissolved in 1 liter of water, a 1% solution is obtained; to obtain a 0.1% solution, 100 ml of the resulting 1% composition must be diluted in 1 liter of liquid);
it is possible to stop the effect of alkali with a 1% solution of acetic/citric acid (for this, 15 ml. 70% vinegar is dissolved in 1 liter of water / per 100 ml. liquid - 1 g. citric acid);
saline neutralizes the effect of alcohol;
the negative impact of aluminum and lime compounds can only be suppressed using vegetable oil.

For reference! Cotton swabs soaked in Lidocaine or Novocaine will help a person prevent traumatic (painful) shock.

After first aid need to see a doctor, who will determine the extent of the damage and tell the patient in detail what to do if the nasal mucosa is burned.

Therapeutic procedures

The severity of damage to epithelial tissue and the type of burn determine the sequence and duration of therapeutic measures. Drawing up a therapeutic treatment regimen is only within the competence of the otolaryngologist.

Therapy for thermal burns

If a burn to the mucous membrane is caused by inhalation of hot air, steam, or toxic combustion products, in the first degree of injury, irrigation therapy or cotton swabs soaked in cold water are prescribed. Isotonic solutions “Aquamaris”, “Aqualor”, “Humer” will help restore damaged microflora of the nasal cavity.

Second degree thermal burn involves the inclusion in the therapeutic treatment regimen of analgesics - drugs to relieve pain (Anestezin, Lidocaine). To regenerate damaged mucous membranes, turundas with ointments are prescribed - “Levomekol”, “Rescuer”, “Synthomycin”, with propolis.

In the third stage of burn therapeutic measures are carried out exclusively in a hospital setting, with a mandatory course of antibiotic therapy and auxiliary agents that facilitate the process of removal of scabs and crusts.

Important! The use of drugs with an antiseptic effect, which accelerate the process of epithelial regeneration, will speed up the healing process.

Restorative procedures for chemical burns

Treatment of a burn caused by chemical reagents predetermines duration of interaction of the irritant with the epithelium, its type, degree of damage, depth of penetration into the mucosa.

In most cases, the treatment of this type of burn does not differ from thermal damage to the mucous membrane:

daily sanitation of the nasal passages, helping to cleanse the cavity and remove crusts;
placing cotton turundas with painkillers;
irrigation of the nasal cavity with antiseptics (Miramistin, Chlorhexidine, Furacilin, etc.).

A more complex degree of damage involves the prescription of drugs that improve tissue trophism and stimulate the regeneration process. To prevent the adhesion of epithelial tissues, fixing bandages are used.

For reference! To eliminate swelling of the mucous membrane and moisturize it, the treating specialist may prescribe homeopathic or herbal preparations (Delufen, Pinosol).

Maintaining optimal temperature conditions will enhance the therapeutic effect at home (no more than 22 °C), monitoring the level of humidity in the room (within 50-60%).

Conclusion

To prevent negative consequences, even with minimal damage to the nasal mucosa, you must seek help from a specialist. Timely first aid will speed up the recovery process.

Many factors provoke changes in the structure of the tissues of the nasal cavity.

Therefore, much more often than it might seem at first glance, the question arises, how to restore the nasal mucosa?

But in order for treatment to be as effective as possible, it must be carefully selected based on an analysis of the causes of the problem and its severity.

Moreover, therapy should be started as early as possible, since dysfunction of the mucous membrane negatively affects the body’s ability to resist attacks from viruses and bacteria.

Therefore, people with this problem are much more at risk of developing acute respiratory infections and other infectious diseases transmitted by airborne droplets.

Causes of damage to the nasal mucosa

The mucous membrane can be injured as a result of exposure to many factors. But most often this is how the effect of nasal drops with a vasoconstrictor component manifests itself.

Substances of this kind have drying properties and, after prolonged use, become addictive, resulting in the development of drug-induced rhinitis.

With pathology, swelling in the nose constantly occurs, which can only be eliminated by introducing new doses of the drug.

The mucous membrane also becomes thinner, and since it is extremely difficult for a patient to stop using Naphthyzin or other similar medications, the situation is constantly getting worse.

If you do not stop using vasoconstrictor drops in time, it may help to normalize nasal breathing.

Other reasons include:

regular inhalation of heavily polluted air (when working in a weaving factory, chemical production, etc.);
penetration of a foreign body into the nasal cavity;
drug use;
inhalation of hot steam;
severe curvature of the nasal septum, contributing to the development of other ENT pathologies;
chronic diseases of the kidneys, cardiovascular, endocrine systems, etc.

Temporary symptoms of mucosal damage may be observed after surgery. They can also be a consequence of taking methamphetamine and a number of other drugs that burn the mucous membrane.

Symptoms and signs of mucosal damage

It is easy to suspect a problem if at least several of the following signs are present:

feeling of dryness;
itching and burning;
persistent runny nose and crusting;
difficulty in nasal breathing;
disturbances of smell;
nosebleeds.

Diagnostics

Only an ENT doctor can make the correct diagnosis. To do this, the doctor performs a rhinoscopy, that is, examines the inner surface of the nasal passages using a special device - an endoscope.

It is a thin tube with a video camera attached to the end. Therefore, the procedure is painless, but may be accompanied by minor discomfort.

It is also necessary to establish the cause of the problem. For this purpose, based on data on the general condition of the body obtained from the patient, the following are prescribed:

study of the level of basic hormones;
electrocardiogram and other studies of the cardiovascular system;
Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
psychological examination, etc.

Source: nasmorkam.net

How can you restore the nasal mucosa at home?

In general, to restore the nasal mucosa, there is no need to go to the hospital. Therapy is always carried out in an outpatient setting or at home.

The apartment must provide optimal conditions for normal breathing, that is:

maintain the air temperature within 18–22 °C;
avoid long-term operation of heating devices that dry out the air;
Maintain air humidity within 50–60%.

It is recommended to give up smoking and alcohol, significantly reduce the amount of seasonings used in cooking, that is, adhere to a healthy lifestyle.

It is very important to take walks every day, lasting at least an hour.

All these simple measures will help the mucous membrane recover from a runny nose and begin to work with the same efficiency, fully protecting a person from the negative effects of cold air, as well as the penetration of bacteria and viruses into the body.

However, just changing lifestyle in situations characterized by more than average severity is not enough. In such cases, additional drug therapy is prescribed.

Treatment may include various means, the choice of which is determined by the cause of the disorder. But there are universal medications used for damage to the mucous membrane. This:

Saline solutions (Aqualor, Humer, No-sol, Marimer, Aquamaris, Physiomer, Dolphin, saline and others). They effectively eliminate dry mucous membranes and cleanse the nasal cavity of impurities and microorganisms.

Therefore, the use of saline solutions not only alleviates the patient’s condition, but also serves to prevent the development of acute respiratory infections.

Medicines in the form of drops and sprays can be used as needed, but complete rinsing with a syringe, bulb or special kettle is done up to 5-6 times a day.

Vegetable oils. They cover the inner linings of the nasal cavity with a thin film, effectively nourishing the dry mucous membrane.

For example, you can use sea buckthorn oil or peach oil, but you can also choose the more traditional sunflower, corn or olive oil.

But in the first case, the oil will additionally have a regenerating effect, which will come in handy after a burn or serious mechanical damage.

The otolaryngologist may also recommend the use of various drops and sprays with immunostimulating, wound-healing and anti-inflammatory properties.

If the problem arose after sinusitis, ointment or drops with antibiotics may be prescribed to completely eliminate the bacterial microflora.

ENT specialists often hear the question, is it possible to restore the mucous membrane after amphetamine? As is known, this narcotic substance, especially in its pure form, “burns” tissues, and with prolonged use leads to serious structural changes.

You can help the sick, but only after completely giving up all drugs. The nature of therapy is determined individually based on the assessment of the condition of the mucous membrane and the duration of amphetamine use, but you should not count on a quick effect.

How to restore the nasal mucosa in a child?

In a child, the most common cause of damage to the mucous membrane is the entry of a foreign body into the nasal passages, which is not always immediately noticeable.

In such cases, it constantly injures the internal membranes and provokes disruptions in its functioning.

The best way to deal with the situation is to remove the foreign body. After this, it is recommended to use saline solutions and oils to quickly restore the mucous membrane.

After a runny nose, serious injuries requiring treatment are rare in children.

However, to avoid them, you should maintain a normal level of air humidity in the nursery and moisturize the dry mucous membrane with saline solutions, using drops or spray depending on the age of the child.

Drops that restore the nasal mucosa

Depending on the cause of the disorders, patients may be prescribed:

Pinosol is a complex preparation of plant origin containing essential oils and vitamins. Its use helps eliminate a runny nose and eliminate swelling, and the oils carefully restore the mucous membrane and have an antiseptic effect.

How to restore using folk remedies?

Dependence on nasal drops, especially Naphthyzin, is the most common cause of problems with nasal breathing.

There are many traditional medicine recipes that help restore mucous membranes burned after vasoconstrictor drops, but not all of them are effective or safe.

After Naphthyzin, it is recommended to use products that have wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous and antiseptic properties. For example:

Squeeze the juice out of an aloe leaf, mix it with an equal amount of water and drop 5 drops into each nostril. every 2 hours.
1 tbsp. l. Chamomile flowers, calendula or other similar medicinal plant materials are poured into a glass of water, brought to a boil and simmered over low heat for 15 minutes. Cool the broth and rinse your nose with it up to 6 times a day.
Mix 10 drops. peach and eucalyptus essential oil. Dip cotton swabs in the resulting mixture and insert them into the nostrils for 15 minutes twice a day.

Physiotherapeutic procedures

Thermal procedures are most effective. Their implementation is indicated only as prescribed by a doctor after the completion of the acute inflammatory process.

This:

electrophoresis with anti-inflammatory drugs;
helium-neon laser;
inhalations with alkaline solutions;
acupuncture;
cryotherapy;
mud applications.

At home, you can warm up using an ultraviolet lamp or dry heat. In the latter case, you need to heat salt, sand or cereal in a dry frying pan and apply them to the side surfaces of the nose.
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It would be a good idea to visit special balneological resorts where medical procedures are expected to be carried out. Staying in pine forests or on the sea coast will also have a beneficial effect on the condition of the nasal mucosa.

Why is the mucous membrane in the nose damaged?

The nasal mucosa can be injured under the influence of various negative factors. Usually the cause is the incorrect use of nasal drops with a vasoconstrictor effect for too long. These substances dry out the nasal cavity, disrupt the microflora, causing a medicinal form of a runny nose. The disease causes constant swelling in the nose, which can only be relieved by administering a new dose of medication. At the same time, the surface becomes thinner, and it is no longer possible to refuse the drops without special medical care. So, in the end, surgery of varying volumes of intervention may be required to restore nasal breathing.

Other reasons include:

constant inhalation of dirty air, for example, when working in a chemical production plant, weaving factory, etc.;
entry of a foreign body into the nasal cavity;
addiction;
inhalation of scalding steam;
curvature of the nasal septum, which provokes a narrowing of the nasal passages and complications of the correct outflow of produced secretions, as a result, the development of ENT pathologies;
chronic diseases of the kidneys, heart, blood vessels, thyroid gland.

Temporary symptoms of damage to the nasal cavity are observed after surgery. They also occur as a result of taking drugs that burn the inner lining of the nose.

Hypertrophic rhinitis

Hypertrophic rhinitis is a polyetiological disease that can progress over a long time. It represents a thickening of the nasal mucosa and hyperplasia of the tissues underneath, replacement of the epithelium with connective tissues. The causes of this pathological growth include:

frequent recurrences of the runny nose - more than 3 - 5 cases in one year;
congenital or acquired disorders of the structure of the nasal passages, injuries to the facial skeleton, which ultimately lead to impaired mucus discharge and stagnation;
exposure to negative environmental factors - long-term stay in places with too low or high temperatures, inhalation of gases, dust, work in hazardous industries;
heart and vascular diseases - hypertension, atherosclerosis provoke problems with the supply of a sufficient amount of blood with nutritional components to the nasal mucosa, which ultimately leads to tissue hypoxia;
other pathologies of the nasopharynx are polyps, cysts, adenoids; all diseases cause persistent swelling and tissue hypertrophy in the nasal passages.

Burn of mucous membrane

All burns of the nasal cavity can be divided into 2 large groups according to the reasons that caused them:

inhalation of hot air, steam, direct contact with fire - this is a thermal burn;
penetration of chemicals, alkalis, acids into the nasal cavity - chemical burn.

You can get a burn to the nasal mucosa even when treated with peroxide when its concentration is more than 3%. The mucous membrane is highly sensitive to this substance. There are 3 degrees of burn, each with its own symptoms:

Burning, quite severe redness and swelling.
The appearance of blisters, which subsequently burst and leave wounds.
Necrosis of tissue and its subsequent rejection.

What symptoms accompany the lesion?

In addition to severe dryness, other signs of a pathological condition are felt in the nasal cavity. They greatly worsen your well-being and prevent you from leading your usual lifestyle. These signs include:

congestion;
lack of smell;
burning, itching in the nasal cavity;
sneezing;
periodic nosebleeds;
crust formation.

Diagnosis of the problem

Only an otolaryngologist can identify the disorder and make the correct diagnosis. He performs rhinoscopy, carefully examining the mucous membranes with an endoscope. This is a thin tube with a camera attached to the end. The procedure itself is painless, but may cause mild discomfort.

Diagnosis of the cause is mandatory. For this purpose the following is carried out:

study of the concentration of main hormones;
ECG and other methods for studying the condition of blood vessels and the heart;
Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
psychological diagnostics.

What medications help with recovery?

Nowadays there are many drugs on the pharmacological market that help restore the integrity and proper functioning of the mucous membrane. These are usually drops, sprays, ointments with different compositions, but often with similar mechanisms of operation.

Sprays and drops with sea water

The simplest composition based on sea water is an isotonic solution with a concentration of 9 g per 1 liter or a hypertonic solution with a concentration of 20 g per 1 liter. Seawater medicines work thanks to salt, which retains moisture. The main advantages of the funds are:

environmental friendliness;
Possibility of use during pregnancy and breastfeeding;
accessibility for infants;
no addictive effect.

The spray helps to evenly distribute the composition throughout the sinuses and nasopharynx. Sea water has the following effects:

antibacterial;
relief of edema;
hydration;
regenerating;
strengthening local immunity.

The positive result is noticeable almost immediately and lasts for 4 hours. The most reliable drugs in this group include Aqualor - it can be used as drops and for rinsing procedures. Analogues of this drug are Marimer, Aquamaris.

Moisturizing with oils

Vegetable oils are characterized by their softening effects on the nasal cavity. You can use any - grape, rose, sunflower, olive, corn. But sea buckthorn is considered the most effective. It helps to quickly normalize the water balance, softens and prevents the surface from drying out for a long time.

When using oils, you need to pay attention to how you feel. If discomfort does not appear, then you can continue the procedure, instilling a drop before going to bed and going outside.

Other recovery drops

Depending on the specific cause of the problem, the following drops may be prescribed to restore the nasal mucosa:

Immunostimulants, this also includes homeopathic remedies - Derinat, Rinitol Edas, Delufen. They help restore and strengthen local immunity. In addition, they moisturize the nasal mucosa well, eliminating discomfort, feelings of dryness and tightness.
Pinosol is a combination product with a natural composition that contains essential oils and vitamins. Using the product allows you to quickly restore mucous membranes. Pinosol is characterized by its good antiseptic effect. But the natural composition increases the risk of allergies in people prone to similar conditions and suffering from hay fever.
Euphorbium Compositum is a homeopathic medicine that helps prevent drying out, while simultaneously restoring the structure of the mucous membrane.
Local hormonal agents – Flixonase, Nasonex. Their composition is based on glucocorticoid hormones. They are not absorbed into the blood, but quickly restore the nasal mucosa. These are the drugs most often prescribed by a doctor when the question arises of how to restore the nasal mucosa after vasoconstrictor drops.

In addition to the drops, a remedy such as Solcoseryl is prescribed. This drug is in the form of a gel or ointment. It has a pronounced wound healing effect. Cotton swabs are soaked in it and inserted into the nostrils for 15 to 20 minutes.

Physiotherapy procedures

To speed up the recovery of the nasal mucosa, physiotherapy procedures are actively organized. They warm up the nasal sinuses, thanks to which they quickly relieve swelling of the mucous membrane, restoring it. The procedures are carried out as prescribed by the doctor. The following are usually used:

electrophoresis with anti-inflammatory drug solutions;
cryotherapy;
exposure to helium-neon laser;
inhalation with oil-alkaline solutions.

Traditional medicine methods

There are a huge number of traditional medicine methods that are designed to restore the nasal mucosa. But some are dubious. The most effective and proven ones include:

Heat compresses. You can apply warm hard-boiled eggs, heated salt, pre-wrapped in a bag made of natural fabric, to your nose. A hot foot bath works the same way. But heat is prohibited for sinusitis and some other diseases of the nasal cavity.
Oak bark decoction. A tablespoon of crushed raw materials is poured into 1 liter of boiling water and left for several hours. The product is instilled three times a day, 3 drops into each nostril. This is enough for complete hydration.
Herbal infusions - they are used to rinse the nasal cavity, cleanse it of dust and stagnant mucus.
Inhalations with onions and garlic. Grate the onion and garlic on a fine grater to obtain 2 tablespoons of the mixture. Then transfer it to a glass, which is placed in a bowl of boiling water, covered with a funnel folded from a sheet of paper. Breathe the vapors for 10 minutes three times a day. The procedure helps restore the sense of smell and free nasal breathing.

What is anemization and when is it done?

Anemization of the nasal mucosa is the artificial “bleeding” of the mucous surface of the nose. It is carried out by introducing vasoconstrictor drugs into the required anatomical area.

The main benefit of this procedure is the complete relief of swelling during inflammation. Anemization is also carried out before operations to prevent severe bleeding, for example, before puncture of the maxillary sinus.

As a means for the procedure, a composition is used, including:

a drop of adrenaline solution with a concentration of 0.1%;
1 ml of ephedrine solution at a concentration of 3%.

If anemia of the deep sections is needed, the medicine is administered through a probe with an attached turunda. The solution only takes 1-2 minutes to take effect. Indications for anemization are:

acute, chronic runny nose;
frontal sinusitis;
sinusitis;
otitis;
inflammation of the mucous membrane as a result of hypersensitivity;
before implementing drainage to eliminate Eustachian tube dysfunction;
before examining the nasal cavity - after anemization, the mucous membrane becomes pale pink, making it more convenient to examine.

There will be no complications of anemization if it is properly organized. But on the first day after the procedure, slight burning, dryness and irritation may occur. These symptoms will soon go away spontaneously.

Recovery after a burn

A slightly different approach to restoring the mucous membrane is needed when receiving a burn. Help must be provided on time. If time is lost, the injury is difficult to treat. First of all, you need to follow these rules:

Stop exposure to the irritant.
Immediately rinse your nose with cool water for 10 to 15 minutes. Burns caused by aluminum compounds or lime are lubricated with vegetable oil - it is prohibited to use water in such a situation.
If the pain is severe, you should take an antispasmodic. But it is more effective to use it topically, for example, by inserting turundas soaked in lidocaine or novocaine into the nostrils.

Chemical burns are treated in a different way:

acid burn - rinsing with water and dissolved soap or ammonia diluted to a concentration of 0.1%;
alkali burn - rinsing with vinegar and citric acid;
burn with alcohol - rinse with saline solution.

The recovery process will depend on the severity of the damage:

If you have a 1st degree burn, you can treat it yourself. Washing with saline solution and using drops to relieve swelling is sufficient.
In the 2nd degree, treatment of the nasal mucosa is also carried out on the recommendation of a doctor at home. These include rinsing with saline solution and using regenerating ointments for the nasal cavity.
At grade 3, assistance in a medical facility is required. The therapy is complex - it includes antibiotics and special procedures.

Oral medications to restore the nasal mucosa

In addition to local remedies, oral medications can also be used. These are alpha adrenergic agonists. They also help reduce swelling by constricting blood vessels. Unlike drops, tablets can be used longer. Typically, such drugs are combined, for example, they simultaneously have an antipyretic and antihistamine effect, therefore they are actively used for colds and flu. An example is Theraflu with vitamin C, paracetamol, pheniramine and the alpha-agonist phenylephrine.

You can also find combinations with the antitussive substance dextromethorphan - this is terasil-D. Koldakt also belongs to complex decongestant drugs.

Prevention of damage to the nasal mucosa

If problems with the mucous membrane were identified in the early stages of development, then it is not too late to stop their progression, alleviate their course or prevent a strong relapse. To prevent pathologies, you must adhere to the following rules:

When working in conditions where there is a lot of dust and dirt, you should use special protective equipment.
Try not to let the nasal mucosa dry out. If the air in your apartment is dry, you need to think about buying a humidifier, and also try not to use fans, air conditioners and heaters.
In case of inflammation under the influence of the anatomical structure, only surgery can help.

If a runny nose does not go away for a long time, causing more and more damage to the nasal mucosa, then you should reconsider your lifestyle and give up bad habits. Often this condition is provoked by neuroses and hypertension. Inflamed mucous membranes may be a consequence of another more dangerous disease. A visit to a specialist, examination and complex therapy of the pathology are required.

Is it possible to burn the nasal mucosa with drops? (English)

Is it possible to burn the nasal mucosa with drops?