Бигуанид (Biguanide)

Biguanide is a representative of a group of drugs that includes metformin. Biguanides are used to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type II).

Biguanides are oral hypoglycemic drugs. Their action is associated with a decrease in glucose production by the liver and an increase in glucose consumption by the muscles of the human body. Thus, biguanides reduce blood glucose levels without stimulating insulin production.

In general, biguanides have a pronounced hypoglycemic effect and are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The best known representative of this group is metformin.

Biguanide is a member of a group of drugs used to treat non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus. One of the most widely used biguanides is metformin. These oral hypoglycemic drugs have properties that help normalize blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes.

The action of biguanides is based on several mechanisms. First, they help reduce the production of glucose by the liver. Under normal conditions, the liver plays an important role in maintaining blood glucose levels. It produces glucose and releases it into the blood when needed. However, in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, this process is disrupted and the liver continues to produce excess glucose, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Biguanides, such as metformin, reduce the liver's production of glucose, thereby helping to lower blood sugar levels.

Secondly, biguanides increase glucose consumption by the muscles of the human body. Glucose is the main source of energy for the body's cells. However, in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, cells do not use glucose efficiently, leading to its accumulation in the blood. Biguanides help increase the sensitivity of cells to insulin, which allows them to use glucose more efficiently and reduces its concentration in the blood.

Treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with biguanides, including metformin, can have a number of beneficial effects. They help control blood glucose levels and reduce the risk of diabetes complications such as cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure and kidney damage. Biguanides may also help reduce body weight and improve overall metabolism in patients with diabetes.

It is important to note that the use of biguanides should be carried out under the supervision of a physician, who will determine the correct dosage and regimen of the drug. Uncontrolled use of biguanides may result in side effects such as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), gastrointestinal upset, and rare but serious complications such as lactic acidosis.

Biguanides, particularly metformin, are generally well tolerated by most patients. However, before starting any medication, you should consult your doctor and inform about any existing medical conditions, allergies, or other medications you are taking. The use of biguanides may be contraindicated in some people, such as those with kidney or cardiovascular disease.

In conclusion, biguanides, including metformin, are an important class of drugs for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus. Their action is aimed at lowering blood glucose levels by reducing glucose production by the liver and increasing glucose consumption by the muscles. However, before starting treatment, you should consult with your doctor to determine the most effective and safe regimen for using biguanides in each specific case.

Biguanide is a member of a group of drugs that are used to treat type 2 diabetes. It belongs to the class of oral hypoglycemic agents and works by reducing glucose production by the liver and increasing glucose uptake by the muscles.

Biguanides were discovered in the 1950s and have since become widely used in medicine. Metformin is the most well-known representative of this group of drugs. It is used to treat type 2 diabetes and has several benefits over other drugs, such as reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and improving kidney function.

However, biguanides can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and skin rash. They may also interact with other medications, such as anticoagulants, so you should consult your doctor before starting to take biguanides.

In general, biguanide drugs are an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes, but require careful use and medical supervision.