Biological Sample

Biological sample: what is it and how is it used in microbiology

A biological sample, also known as a bioassay, is an important tool in microbiology. This is a sample of living tissue, bacteria, viruses or other microorganisms that is used to further study them.

Biological samples can be taken from a variety of sources, such as blood, urine, stool, mucous membranes, plant or animal tissue. To obtain a biological sample, certain sterile conditions must be observed to avoid contamination of the sample with other microorganisms.

Once a biological sample is obtained, it can be used to isolate and identify specific microorganisms. For example, if a pathogen such as a bacterium or virus is detected in a sample, it can be determined which species caused the disease. This allows you to more accurately choose treatment and take measures to prevent the spread of infection.

In addition, biological samples can be used to study the genetic information of microorganisms. For example, DNA analysis can determine the genetic code of a bacterium and reveal the presence of certain genes responsible for certain properties of the microorganism, such as resistance to antibiotics or the ability to cause certain types of diseases.

It is important to note that biological samples must be processed with care and compliance with all necessary safety measures, since microorganisms in the sample can be potentially dangerous to humans. Therefore, work with biological samples is carried out only in special laboratories where strict rules and safety standards are observed.

In conclusion, a biological sample is an important tool in microbiology that allows the study of microorganisms and their properties. This helps in the fight against diseases and the development of new treatments. However, working with biological samples requires special training and compliance with all safety measures to avoid potential dangers to humans.

Biological test - (syn. Biotest) - a method for studying the cultivation of microorganisms on living objects - in laboratory conditions of an experimental infectious disease or the normal state of a living organism. Based on the essence of biological samples, it is divided into two types: the first is the artificial type, and the second is the natural type.

As you know, any medical research primarily pursues two goals: obtaining new knowledge (scientific discovery) and achieving practical application of the newly acquired knowledge. Biological samples solve both of these problems.

Artificial samples are based on mechanical immunity: for a biological laboratory diagnostic method, infected monkeys, guinea pigs or rabbits are used according to any current method. The importance of the biological method has been studied enormously!

Moreover, artificial samples in their composition represent not just one microbe isolated directly from a sick person, but a flora or fauna that is multi-species in number. This makes it possible to more accurately determine the presence of the pathogen in the human body. Thanks to biological samples, it has become possible to see the infection of the body with viruses with pinpoint accuracy. Thus, new forms and rare diseases were discovered with certainty. To detect them, an artificial biological sample is used. These drugs contain several types of virions and microbial cells with an additional charge. So, there are viruses that cannot reproduce outside the human body; there are even those that develop in the structure of an infected mother with penetration through the placenta (and fetal fluid). All types of artificial samples can be divided into several groups. 1. Samples without pre-treatment. In this case, when a culture strain of a microbial or viral organism interacts with contaminated material