Biology

Biology is a set of sciences about living nature. She studies all forms of living organisms from viruses to humans, their structure, functions, development, origin, connection with each other and the environment. The system of biological sciences is complex, which is determined by the diversity of life forms on Earth, methods and purposes of their research.

The branch of biology devoted to the study of animal organisms is called zoology, and plant organisms - botany. Each of these sections is divided into smaller ones depending on the objects of study (virology, microbiology, parasitology, mycology, entomology, etc.).

Independent sections of biology are devoted to the study of the structure of living organisms (anatomy, histology, cytology), their functions (physiology), patterns of inheritance of traits and their variability (genetics), the lifestyle of animals and plants and their relationships with the environment, behavioral characteristics (ethology) and individual development (developmental biology), as well as patterns of historical development of life on Earth.

The use of new physical and chemical research methods led to the identification of such disciplines as biochemistry and biophysics, which are the basis of a new direction in biology - molecular biology.

The practical significance of biological research is extremely great for all sectors of the national economy and especially for medicine. The study of the life activity of bacteria, viruses, fungi and other pathogens of human infectious diseases, as well as the animals that carry them, has made it possible to develop effective measures to prevent many infectious diseases.

Modern research methods make it possible to study the mechanisms of immunity and overcome tissue incompatibility. The discovery of antibiotics revolutionized the treatment of infections. Advances in genetics make it possible to diagnose diseases associated with changes in the number of chromosomes and other disorders of the genetic apparatus in humans.

The most important tasks of biology at the present stage are the study of the mechanisms of cell differentiation, the patterns of their association into tissues and organs, the origin of life, the emergence of biological species, the productivity of ecosystems and the preservation of the biosphere.

Biology is the science of living nature and its laws. She studies life in all its manifestations, from the microcosm to large organisms. Science is moving along the path of combining research in different fields: genetics, evolutionary biology, physiology, microbiology, virology and others. Together they explore the universal phenomena of nature, provide answers to humanity's eternal questions and promise a human future.

Biology is developing rapidly, and the knowledge gained in it will be vitally important for humans in many years. It examines the structure and functioning of living organisms, their interactions and evolution.

The origin of biology occurs from the very birth of man. By observing other people and studying his body, a person tries to understand the structure of his life. Thousands