Bronchial asthma

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Bronchial asthma

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract, which is manifested by attacks of suffocation and shortness of breath. These attacks are caused by bronchospasm, swelling of the bronchial mucosa and increased production of viscous sputum.

Causes of development of bronchial asthma

Bronchial asthma is based on allergic inflammation of the airways, which leads to their increased sensitivity. The causes of allergic reactions may be:

1. Household allergens - dust mites, animal hair, dander, plant pollen

2. Food products - citrus fruits, eggs, milk, nuts, chocolate, seafood

3. Medicines - aspirin, penicillin

4. Professional substances - chemical compounds, metals, wood dust

5. Infections - viral and bacterial

6. Physical activity and cold air

7. Stress and emotional tension

8. Smoking

Symptoms of bronchial asthma

Main symptoms of bronchial asthma:

1. Attacks of suffocation and shortness of breath, especially at night

2. Difficulty breathing with wheezing

3. Cough, more often at night and in the morning

4. Feeling of congestion in the chest

During an attack, the patient experiences a feeling of lack of air and is forced to sit with his hands on his knees. The chest is distended, pulse and breathing are rapid. The attack can last from several minutes to several hours.

Diagnosis of bronchial asthma

The diagnosis of bronchial asthma is established based on the following data:

1. Taking anamnesis (complaints, risk factors)

2. Inspection and auscultation

3. Pulmonary function tests

4. Allergy examination

5. Sputum analysis

Treatment of bronchial asthma

Treatment of bronchial asthma includes:

1. Avoiding contact with allergens

2. Inhaled glucocorticosteroids to reduce inflammation