Abdomen

The abdominal cavity is the space located between the chest and pelvis. It contains many organs and structures, including the stomach, liver, spleen, intestines, bladder and others. The abdominal cavity is one of the most important organs in the human body as it performs many functions including digestion, circulation, respiration and waste elimination.

The abdominal cavity is formed by muscles, ligaments and fascia that form its walls. The wall of the abdominal cavity consists of three layers: inner, middle and outer. The inner layer is the peritoneum, which covers the abdominal organs and forms the serosa. The middle layer consists of fatty tissue and muscles that protect organs from damage. The outer layer is formed by the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

One of the main functions of the abdominal cavity is digestion. Here food is broken down into nutrients, which are then absorbed into the blood. In addition, water and salts are released in the abdominal cavity, as well as vitamins and minerals are absorbed.

The abdominal cavity also contains many organs that perform important functions for the body. For example, the stomach is the main organ of digestion where food is broken down. The liver performs the function of purifying the blood from toxins and other harmful substances, and the spleen is a hematopoietic organ.

In addition, the abdominal cavity contains many other organs and structures, such as the kidneys, bladder, ovaries in women and testicles in men. These organs perform important functions related to waste removal, reproduction, and hormonal regulation.

Thus, the abdominal cavity plays an important role in the functioning of the human body. It provides many functions and contains many important organs that work closely together. Knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the abdominal cavity is important for understanding the functioning of the body as a whole and can help in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.

The entry points for celiac purulent infections are foci of inflammation of the intestines, kidneys, ovaries, uterus, epididymis, appendix, abdominal cavity and pelvic organs. These places determine the extent of the course of abdominal localization of sepsis and the suppurative process in the abdominal cavity. In this regard, pathological diagnosis is important.

The abdominal cavity consists of the following sections: abdominal wall; top, middle and bottom parts. On the posterior surface are the lumbar region and two backward-facing and interconnected protrusions - the right and left iliac fossa. At the bottom of the abdominal wall, at the level of the cartilages of the V lumbar and I–III sacral vertebrae, there is an umbilical ring, behind which the umbilical cord passes. Behind the wall of the abdominal cavity on the right and left are the liver, pancreas with stomach and duodenum; near the bladder and rectum - the sigmoid colon. Above the intestines is located most of the stomach, spleen, intestines and lymph nodes. The free abdominal cavity contains the intestine with many wide and small intestines, the head of the pancreas, the fold of the cecum, the gastroduodenal ligament, the small duodenum with the opening of the jejunum; the mesentery of the colon is attached to the latter in front. The ascending colon projects as a dome on the diaphragm and is directed toward the hilum of the liver. The cecum forms a bend that passes into the transverse colon; here on the right is the appendix. On the right side of a woman's abdomen