Abdominal Stalk

The ventral stalk is a provisional organ in the embryo that connects it with the extraembryonic membrane. It plays an important role in the development of the embryo and becomes the umbilical cord during embryogenesis. The ventral stalk is formed from mesoderm, which is formed in the early stages of embryonic development.

At the beginning of embryonic life, the abdominal stalk is a short tube that passes through the cavity of the yolk sac and is attached to its wall. During development, the abdominal stalk becomes longer and expands, forming an umbilical ring.

The ventral stalk performs several functions. First, it provides a link between the embryo and the extraembryonic environment. It allows the embryo to receive nutrients and oxygen from the environment, as well as remove metabolic waste products. Secondly, the ventral stalk plays an important role in the formation of the umbilical cord, which connects the embryo to the placenta after implantation.

Violation of the formation of the abdominal stalk can lead to various pathologies, such as delayed fetal development, hypoxia, premature birth and other problems. Therefore, it is important to monitor the development of the embryo in the early stages of pregnancy and promptly consult a doctor if any abnormalities occur.

The abdominal stalk is a special provisional (temporary) organ of the embryo, which is important in the development of the human body. It is located in the abdominal cavity and connects the embryo with the amnion and chorion - two parts of the placenta. This connecting stalk appears around the ninth week of intrauterine life and consists of the tissues of two parts of the placenta (chorion and amnion) and three human embryonic membranes (inner, middle and outer).

One of the most important functions of the abdominal stalk is to provide nutrition and respiration to the embryo through fetal blood (EBB). At approximately the tenth week of pregnancy, EBC enters the abdominal cavity through the umbilical veins and is retained in it due to the presence of vacuoles in the epithelial cells. These vacuoles prevent the rapid transfer of blood through the stomach, causing the development of the abdominal ventricle to slow down. At the same time, the cellular composition, number and size of stomach tissue cells do not change. This makes it possible to notice the difference between the cells of the gastrointestinal tract of an adult and the cells of the fetal stomach. The abdominal esophagus ends in the intestinal funnel, which, merging with the excretory umbilical ducts, forms a short segment of intestine called the rectum. It continues towards the navel and forms the umbilical cord, which can later change shape and turn the abdominal stalk into a bundle.

The abdominal stalk plays an important role in the formation of internal organs after the 20th week of pregnancy. The formed umbilical cord will in turn develop to become the umbilical ligament and provide drainage of amniotic fluid and circulation of the EBF. The umbilical vein, artery and a pair of umbilical cord vessels pass through it. Also through it, the urinary, bile ducts and uterine branches of the bloodstream are formed.