Carcinogenesis

Carcinogenesis (from the ancient Greek καρκίνος - cancer and genesis - origin, occurrence) is the process of the emergence and development of a malignant tumor from a normal cell.

Carcinogenesis includes several stages. At the first stage, initiation occurs - irreversible damage to the cell's DNA under the influence of carcinogenic factors. At the second stage, promotion occurs - increased proliferation of damaged cells. The next stages—progression and malignancy—are characterized by the accumulation of additional mutations, growth and invasion of tumor cells.

The intermediate stages of carcinogenesis that precede the appearance of a malignant tumor are sometimes called premalignant or noninvasive forms. Their early diagnosis and timely treatment can prevent the development of cancer.

Thus, carcinogenesis is a multi-stage process of transformation of a normal cell into a tumor cell, leading to the emergence and progression of a malignant tumor. Understanding the mechanisms of carcinogenesis is important for the prevention and control of cancer.

Carcinogenesis is the process of the emergence and development of a malignant tumor in the body. It originates from normal cells and can be caused by various factors such as genetic mutations, exposure to chemicals, radiation or viruses.

The intermediate stages of carcinogenesis, when the tumor has not yet become malignant but has already begun to grow and spread, are sometimes called precancerous or non-invasive forms. They can be detected during regular medical examinations and can be removed before they become cancerous.

To prevent the formation of malignant tumors, it is necessary to monitor your health and lifestyle. This includes eating right, being physically active, not smoking and drinking alcohol, and getting regular medical checkups. It is also important to be vaccinated against cervical cancer and other diseases that can lead to the development of malignant tumors.

Carcinogenesis is the process of transformation of normal cells into malignant ones. It is a key factor in the development of many types of cancer, including breast, lung, cervical, ovarian and prostate cancer. Cancerous tumors are formed as a result of many years of a multi-stage process of cell change, so the word “carcinogenesis” itself is understood as the occurrence of a malignant disease.

In oncology research, it is believed that all cancer cells have the same precursor - the so-called blast cell. However, during the process of carcinogenesis, a blast cell can undergo different stages of transformation and enter one or another stage of malignancy. Until recently, carcinogenesis was difficult to study and subdivide. Today it is considered the process of formation and development of various types of malignant tumors from normal cells and tissues, or more precisely, from a normal somatic cell genome.

All diseases associated with cancer are tumors. Tumors can develop and grow in all tissues of the human body, although they are often found in tissues with high metabolic activity and vital functions. Since cancer is an abnormal proliferation of somatic cells, the first cells to undergo cancerous lesions are usually located near the main metabolic tissue; hence, they are the first to be detected. Although tumor cells usually have the ability to specialize, a number of studies indicate that these cells exhibit some properties of a general type of malignancy or malignancy in general. The latter is characterized by the presence of an organism that is inadequate to the intensive needs, unlimited,