Cornea

Cornea: Basic anatomy and function of the eye organ

The cornea, also known as the cornea or cornea, is the transparent structure that makes up the front of the eye in mammals, birds and reptiles. It plays an important role in the optics of the eye, performing the function of refracting light and protecting the internal structures of the eye.

The anatomy of the cornea includes several layers. The outer layer, called the epithelium, is made up of covering cells that help protect the cornea from infection and maintain its smooth surface. Beneath the epithelium is a thicker layer called stroma, made up of collagen fibers. This layer gives the cornea strength and elasticity. The inner layer, called the endothelium, plays an important role in maintaining the transparency of the cornea by removing excess fluid that may accumulate in the structure.

One of the main functions of the cornea is refraction of light. When light enters the eye, it passes through the cornea, which changes its direction and focuses it onto the retina, the sensitive layer of tissue that lies at the back of the eye. This allows us to see and distinguish objects around us.

In addition, the cornea also plays an important role in protecting the internal structures of the eye from damage. It serves as a barrier to prevent microorganisms, dust and other harmful substances from entering the eye. Because of its transparency, the cornea also allows light to pass through without distortion, resulting in clear vision.

The cornea is highly sensitive to irritants and can be susceptible to various diseases and injuries. Keratitis, an inflammation of the cornea, can result from infection or injury. Keratoconus is a disease in which the cornea gradually loses its shape and becomes more conical, resulting in distorted vision. Corneal dystrophy is a group of genetic diseases that lead to gradual deterioration of vision due to disruption of the structure of the cornea.

Treatment for corneal diseases may include medicated drops, contact lenses, corneal transplants, and surgery such as laser vision correction.

In conclusion, the cornea is an important structure of the eye, serving the functions of refracting light and protecting internal structures. Its anatomy and function are perfectly coordinated, providing clear vision and protecting the eye from external influences. However, like any other part of the body, the cornea can be subject to various diseases and injuries that require medical intervention.