Temporal lobe [L. Temporalis, Pna, Jna; L. temporalis (Cerebri), Bna]

The temporal lobe (lat. L. temporalis) is one of the lobes of the human cerebrum, which is located in the upper part of the hemisphere and is limited on the superolateral side by a line drawn through the lateral sulcus and the posterior end of the lateral sulcus. On the medial side, the temporal lobe is bounded by the Hippocampal sulcus, which runs from the anterior end to the lateral end of the lobe.

On average, the temporal lobe makes up about 20% of the total brain volume. It is one of the largest lobes of the brain and has many functions. It is responsible for coordination of movements, hearing, vision, memory, attention, speech and many other functions related to information processing. In addition, the temporal lobe is involved in the regulation of emotions and behavior, as well as in the processing of sensory information.

The temporal lobe consists of two parts: anterior and posterior. The anterior temporal lobe contains the auditory cortex, which is responsible for processing sounds and speech. The posterior temporal lobe contains the visual cortex, which processes visual information.

In addition, the temporal lobe has many connections with other lobes of the brain, such as the parietal lobe, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, etc. This allows it to exchange information with other parts of the brain and participate in various functions.

Thus, the temporal lobe is an important part of the human brain and plays a key role in processing information and regulating body functions.

There is an important concept in human anatomy - the temporal lobe (Latin L. temporalis; other Greek τήμνος τέμπρας, temnos temn raios (lit. “thyme leaf”), from τύμνω - “to rub”; Greek τὺμνός), which is part of the temporal lobe of the cerebral hemispheres and is located posterior and slightly above the superior temporal sulcus. By localization, one can distinguish the upper, middle and lower visceral lobes and their central part, the rest of it is called the olfactory part. To designate the superficial part of the visorapillary lobe, the term L16, p15, j14 is used [1].

The temporal lobe gets its name because it has a lobular structure and resembles a leaf of the herb thyme. The temporal region of the cerebral hemisphere was first described by the German anatomist Vesalius in 1524 [2,3], and its more detailed structure was determined two hundred years later by Paterson [4]. Already in Paterson's time it was known what formed some of the grooves of the temporal lobe. So, for example, the posterior end of the frontal lobe up to the corpus callosum constitutes its dorsomedial intersection with the midline (triangular gyrus, Sylvian fissure, etc.), and its posterior end is separated from the posterior edge of the frontal lobe by the epiphysis (frontopontine