Endocytobiosis

Endocytobiosis is the process by which cells engulf and digest other cells or their components. This process occurs in various tissues and organs of the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys and lungs.

Endocytobiosis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the body. It allows cells to receive essential nutrients and remove waste from the body. In addition, endocytobiosis is involved in the body's immune response to external stimuli.

There are several types of endocytosis, including phagocytosis (the uptake and digestion of bacteria and other microorganisms), pinocytosis (the uptake of fluids and solutes), and resorption (the uptake of dead cells). Each type of endocytosis has its own characteristics and functions in the body.

In some cases, endocytosis may be pathological. For example, in autoimmune diseases, immune system cells can engulf the body's own tissues, leading to inflammation and tissue destruction. Endocytosis may also play a role in the development of malignant tumors, when cells engulf other cells and divide uncontrollably.

Endocytosis (from the Greek endo-inside, inside, -cito-eat, devour and bios life) is the process of active absorption of various substances or particles by a cell or organism. An endocyte is a cell that absorbs substances through the process of endocytosis.

Only multicellular organisms (animals, plants, fungi, bacteria) possess endocytosis. Actually, all phenomena of secretion and intracellular transport of substances are examples of endocytosis, and they cannot be considered independent processes. For example, as is known, antibodies (immunoglobulins) belong to immunoglobin proteins. So, immunoglobulin can serve as an example of an endocytic protein. When a microbial cell binds with foreign substances, the mechanism of phagocytosis occurs (capture of microorganisms by the cell).

According to their form, there are 3 main types of endocytosis: - Fibrillar - first, small endocytic particles surround larger diameter parts on the cell surface, special processes are released that tightly envelop the object, and then the particles find themselves inside the cell - Periplast – the object “breaks through” the membrane - Centrosomotic – the cells gradually envelop the material, forming a bubble.