Hyperbilirubinemia

Hyperbilirubinemia: causes, symptoms and treatment

Hyperbilirubinemia is a condition in which the level of bilirubin in the blood is elevated. Bilirubin is a breakdown product of hemoglobin in the blood and is usually eliminated from the body through the liver and gallbladder. However, if this process is disrupted, bilirubin can accumulate in the blood, causing hyperbilirubinemia.

The causes of hyperbilirubinemia may vary. Some of these include hemolytic anemia (increased destruction of red blood cells), liver damage such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, and inherited diseases such as hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Symptoms of hyperbilirubinemia can vary depending on the cause and severity of the condition. Some of the most common symptoms include jaundice (a yellowish tint to the skin and sclera), fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and sensitivity to light.

Treatment for hyperbilirubinemia also depends on the cause. Some cases may require hospitalization and inpatient treatment, while others may be treated on an outpatient basis. Treatment may include medications to improve liver function and procedures to remove excess bilirubin from the blood.

Overall, hyperbilirubinemia is a serious condition that requires medical intervention. If you suspect you have this condition, see your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Hyperbilirubinemia is an increased level of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a pigment that is formed in the body during the breakdown of hemoglobin.

Causes of hyperbilirubinemia:

1. Increased destruction of red blood cells (hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia)

2. Impaired flow of bile from the liver (cholestatic hyperbilirubinemia)

3. Ineffective binding of bilirubin to albumin

4. Decreased activity of liver enzymes involved in the conversion of bilirubin

5. Hereditary defects in bilirubin metabolism

Symptoms of hyperbilirubinemia:

1. Jaundice

2. Dark urine

3. Light feces

4. Itchy skin

5. Fatigue and weakness

Diagnosis is based on blood tests. Treatment depends on the cause and may include phototherapy, plasmapheresis, and medications. Some forms require surgery. Prompt treatment is important to prevent brain damage in newborns.