Hemianopia

Hemianopia is a visual impairment in which one of the two halves of the visual field is lost. This medical condition often results from damage to the brain's visual cortex or visual pathways. Although hemianopia can have a variety of causes, the most common type is homonymous hemianopia, where the same half of the visual field (right or left) is lost in both eyes.

Homonymous hemianopia is the most common type of hemianopia and can occur when damage occurs to the visual cortex in one hemisphere of the brain. In this case, both eyes lose the same half of the field of vision. Possible causes of homonymous hemianopia can vary, including stroke, brain tumors, head injuries, and other central nervous system diseases.

The inner or outer halves of the visual field may be lost in both eyes, causing binasal or bitemporal hemianopia, respectively. Binasal hemianopia is produced when the inner halves of the visual field are lost in both eyes, while bitemporal hemianopia is produced when the outer halves of the visual field are lost in both eyes. As with homonymous hemianopia, bitemporal hemianopia can be caused by a brain tumor, stroke, or other brain disease.

It is extremely rare that both upper or both lower halves of the visual field may fall out, which leads to the development of upper hemianopia. This type of hemianopia can be caused by eye diseases such as glaucoma or optic neuritis.

Symptoms of hemianopia may vary depending on which half of the visual field is lost. A person may experience difficulties in orientation in space, frequent collisions with obstacles, and difficulties in reading and writing. If such symptoms appear, you should consult an ophthalmologist who will diagnose and prescribe the necessary treatment.

Treatment for hemianopia depends on its cause. If hemianopia is caused by a brain tumor, surgery or radiation therapy may be required. If the cause is a stroke or other brain disease, treatment may include rehabilitation and physical therapy. In some cases, special optical correction may be prescribed.

Overall, hemianopia is a serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. If symptoms of hemianopia appear, you should consult an ophthalmologist for diagnosis and prescribing the necessary treatment. There are a number of treatment methods available, and the choice of treatment depends on the cause of the hemianopia. In addition to medical treatment, patients with hemianopia may also require rehabilitation and visual training to help them adjust to their new situation and improve their quality of life.

Hemianopia is a medical condition characterized by loss of one of the two halves of the normal field of vision. This can be caused by various reasons such as head injury, brain tumor, stroke or other diseases that affect the functioning of the visual system.

Most often, hemianopia manifests itself as homonymous hemianopia, in which the same half of the visual field (right or left) is lost in both eyes. This means that if a person has homonymous left hemianopia, they will not see the left half of the visual field in either eye. This can cause problems with reading, driving, and other daily tasks.

Sometimes hemianopia can manifest as binasal hemianopia, where the inner halves of the visual field are lost in both eyes. This may be caused, for example, by a tumor that is located at the border between the optic nerves.

It is also possible to develop bitemporal hemianopia, in which the outer halves of the visual field fall out in both eyes. This may be caused by the tumor compressing certain areas of the visual nervous system.

However, there are also rarer forms of hemianopia, for example, upper hemianopia (altitudinal hemianopia), when both upper or both lower halves of the visual field fall out. This may be caused, for example, by problems with blood circulation in the optic arteries.

Diagnosis of hemianopia may include vision tests, neurological examination, and neuroimaging. Treatment depends on the cause of hemianopia and may include treatment for the disease that caused the condition as well as rehabilitation measures, such as exercise, that can help the patient adapt to the altered visual field.

Overall, hemianopia is a serious condition that can significantly limit a person's ability to perform daily activities. However, modern diagnostic and treatment methods can help patients cope with this condition and return to a full life.

Definition* Hemianopia is a condition in which the field of one vision is narrowed until half of its volume is lost.* Hemianopia is characterized by the following main features. Visual acuity when examining each half of the visual field is not the same - in most cases, vision on the affected side is sharply reduced* Eye mobility in the direction of visual field disturbance is sharply limited* Characteristic is a decrease in sensitivity on the contralateral side of the body* Eye abduction to the affected side is accompanied by the development of amblyopia: in the absence of obstacles from the side of the extraocular muscles of the eyes, it rushes to a certain point; in the presence of an obstacle, nystagmus occurs (the cause of mydriasis in these cases is a spasm of accommodation; the cause of antidromic nystagmus is an insufficient workload for the patient’s central eye).* When examining the blind spot, the presence of a fistula component of sensations is noted.

Types* Homonymous - decreased visual acuity and disappearance of pain sensitivity in the field of view of one half of the visual sphere; the opposite side is not visually changed* Bitemporal - disturbance of visual perception of half the visual field for both sides of space