Humoral immunity

Immunity is the body’s ability to protect itself from various infections and diseases. There are two main types of immunity - humoral and cellular.

Humoral immunity is the most common type of immunity. It depends on the presence of certain biologically active substances in the body, such as antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that are formed in response to foreign substances such as viruses or bacteria entering the body. They bind to these substances and destroy them.

Antibodies are formed in special cells - lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are activated when a foreign substance enters the body, then they begin to produce antibodies. These antibodies then circulate in the blood and can be found in various parts of the body.

In addition to antibodies, humoral immunity also depends on other biologically active substances such as interferons and cytokines. Interferons are proteins that are produced by cells of the immune system in response to the presence of viruses. Cytokines are signaling molecules that regulate the activity of immune system cells.

Thus, humoral immunity depends on the presence of antibodies and other biologically active substances in the internal environment of the body. It plays an important role in protecting the body from infections and diseases, and its disruption can lead to various diseases.

Humoral immunity Humoral immunity refers to processes in the immune system in which an immune response occurs after the penetration of antigens into the internal environment of the body. The internal environment includes body fluids, such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, lymph and others. Humoral immunity prevails in the body over cellular immunity, but does not oppose the latter. The mechanism of creating immunity The cells responsible for the humoral response are constantly in communication with the membranes or layers between the cells of the body -

Immune response: Humoral response

The immune response can be innate and adaptive (that is, acquired). When we are just born, the cells of our immune system are already ready to work, but in the first hours of our life we ​​are defenseless against infections. During this period, our body remains practically unprotected from external pathogens. Only then do lymphocytes appear and immunity to infections is developed.

This type of immune response is called innate, and it is triggered when a dangerous infection or virus enters our skin. Our skin sends signals to the brain through neurons that are connected to the hypothalamus