Immunoglobulin

Immunoglobulins are proteins that are produced by the immune system to protect the body from infections and other foreign agents. They are one of the most important components of the human immune system and play a key role in protecting the body from bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.

Immunoglobulins are divided into several classes, each of which performs its own function. For example, immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a major component of the immune system and is responsible for neutralizing and destroying foreign agents in the body. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) protects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract from infections.

The production of immunoglobulins occurs in lymphoid cells such as lymphocytes and plasma cells. When the body encounters an infectious agent, lymphocytes begin to produce immunoglobulins, which then bind to that agent and destroy it.

However, if the body has already encountered this infectious agent before, then the production of immunoglobulin may be reduced or absent. This phenomenon is called “immunological memory” and allows the body to respond more quickly to re-infection with the same infectious agent.

In addition, immunoglobulins can be used as diagnostic markers for various diseases. For example, a blood test for immunoglobulins may detect increased levels of antibodies to certain infectious agents, which may indicate the presence of an infection.

In general, immunoglobulins are an important element of the human immune system, which plays a key role in protecting the body from infections and maintaining health.

Immunoglobulins are a class of large blood glycoproteins synthesized primarily by plasma cells. They act as specific response globules and provide selective, specific neutralization of non-corpuscular antigens freely floating in the blood. Each immunoglobulin has a certain specificity and some residues in their structures serve to recognize foreign antigens by pairwise interaction with them. They play an important role in the body's immune responses, such as defense against infection and other external pathogens. Immunoglobulins play a central role in the chain reaction carried out by humoral immunity, which, in particular, explains the complex structure of their molecules.

Antigens are compared based on the structure of immunoglobulins (their classes, subclasses, directions, phenotypes). Immunotherapy methods are based on group states and gene clones of immunoglobulin-forming cells.