Isoantigen System Av0

Isoantigens of the AB0 system: from antigens to antibodies

Isoantigens of the ABO system are antigens that are found on the surface of red blood cells and play an important role in the body's immune response. These antigens are part of the ABO system, which determines a person's blood type.

AB0 antigens are glycoproteins that consist of two parts: alpha and beta chains. Alpha chains have five different variants, and beta chains have three. Thus, there are 15 different combinations of ABO antigens.

Each person has a specific set of AB0 antigens and can be classified into one of four blood groups: 0 (I), A (II), B (III) or AB (IV). Blood groups are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

Blood type 0 (I) means that a person does not have ABO system antigens. Blood type A (II) means that A antigens are present on the surface of red blood cells, but not B antigens. Blood type B (III) means that only B antigens are present on the surface of red blood cells, but not A antigens. Blood type AB (IV) means that both types of antigens are present on the surface of red blood cells - both A and B.

When giving blood transfusions, it is important to consider what antigens are present on the surface of the donor red blood cells and what antigens the recipient has. This avoids incompatibility and prevents the development of allergic reactions.

In addition, AB0 antigens play an important role in the diagnosis of various diseases such as hemolytic anemia and sickle cell anemia.

In conclusion, ABO isoantigens are important components of the blood system and play an important role in determining blood type. Knowledge of these antigens helps to avoid unwanted reactions during blood transfusion and allows you to diagnose various diseases.

Av are protein organisms, unicellular or multicellular, with surface structures in the form of complex 3D structures formed by complex multivalent proteins (glycoproteins or, less commonly, lipoglycosylated proteins). Particles and outgrowths of such cells carry certain forms for the human immune system - isotopes (ab), or antigenic structures. As extravascular components of cells, they are characterized by structural complexity and autonomy, since they are differentiated and separated from the cell membrane. The surface mechanisms of the immune response are associated with the biophysical specific properties of Av. This material will discuss three classes of Av: lectins, ligands and immune sensors of blood cells on membranes. There is also a family of intracellular ligands; they are known to bind to various cellular receptors. All Av are involved in various specific processes occurring in the body. There are also substances that perceive antigens - lymphocytes (these are specific enzymes produced by lymphocytes of the body’s immune active system); in the future, they influence them in the presence of certain conditions that affect their internal structure, stimulating their specific reaction.