Isoenzymes

Isoenzymes are different molecular forms of proteins that have the same enzymatic activity, but have different amino acid composition and/or structure. Isoenzymes can be found in a variety of organisms, including plants, animals and microorganisms.

Isoenzymes are formed due to alternative splicing of mRNA, gene mutations, gene duplication and other processes that lead to changes in the amino acid sequence of the protein. These changes may result in different protein isoforms that may have different stability, activity and/or regulation.

Isoenzymes can play an important role in the body's biochemical processes, such as metabolism, respiration, immune response, growth and development. For example, glycolytic isoenzymes such as hexokinase and pyrogruvate kinase provide energy to cells by converting glucose to pyrivate. Cytochrome oxidase isoenzymes, which are found in mitochondria, are involved in the respiration process, providing energy for cells.

Isoenzymes can also be used as markers to determine tissue specificity and diagnose diseases. For example, creatine kinase isoenzymes are used to diagnose myocardial infarction, and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes may indicate the presence of cancer or liver damage.

In general, isoenzymes are an important class of proteins that play important roles in the life processes of organisms. The study of isoenzymes can help improve our understanding of biochemical processes in organisms and may also have practical applications in medicine and agriculture.

Isoenzymes: definition, properties and applications

Isoenzymes are enzymes that have the same structure and catalytic activity, but differ in specificity and substrate specificity. They can be found in various tissues and organs of animals and plants, as well as in bacteria and viruses.

Properties of isoenzymes

1. Isoenzymes have the same amino acid sequence and structure, which makes them similar to each other. However, they may differ in their substrate composition and activity depending on environmental conditions.
2. Isoenzyme systems can consist of a large number of enzymes that function together and provide more efficient functioning of the body.
3. Isoenzymes can be classified according to several criteria, such as substrate specificity, electrophoretic mobility, optical activity and others.
4. Isoenzymes play an important role in the metabolism of animal and plant organisms, ensuring more efficient processing of nutrients. They can also be used to diagnose diseases and assess health status.

Application of isoenzymes in medicine

Isoenzyme analysis is used in medicine to diagnose various diseases. For example, measuring creatine kinase isoenzymes in the blood can help identify muscle damage in muscular dystrophy or myocardial infarction. Isoenzymes are also used to determine the activity of enzymes in the liver, kidneys and other organs.

In general, isoenzymes are an important class of enzymes that play an important role in metabolic processes and are used in medicine and biology for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.

Isozymes are enzymes that have the same properties but different structures. They differ from each other in their origin, structure, and characteristics. About 80 different isozymes are known. The wide variety allows them to perform different