Juxtaglomerular Complex

The juxtaglomerular complex (JGC) is one of the main components of the kidneys, which is responsible for regulating blood pressure and controlling blood volume. It is located in the Bowman-Shumlyansky capsule and is composed of several cell types, including juxtamedullary cells, juxtaaortic cells, and juxtagluonic cells.

JHA plays an important role in regulating blood pressure. When the kidneys receive a signal that the body's blood volume is increasing, they release renin into the blood. Renin, in turn, activates angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which converts inactive angiotensin I into active angiotensin II. Angiotensin II, in turn, causes blood vessels to constrict, which leads to an increase in blood pressure.

In addition, JHA is also involved in blood volume control. When the kidneys sense that the amount of fluid in the body is decreasing, they begin to secrete antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH, in turn, stimulates the production of vasopressin, which causes fluid retention in the kidneys and increases blood volume.

However, when the body's blood volume begins to increase, JHA begins to release natriuretic peptide A (ANP), which acts as an ADH antagonist and reduces blood sodium levels. This allows the kidneys to get rid of excess fluid and lower blood pressure.

Thus, JHA is an important regulator of blood pressure and blood volume in the body. Its dysfunction can lead to the development of various diseases, such as arterial hypertension and chronic renal failure. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of JHA and its role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system is important for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

The juxtaglomerular complex (JGC) is a collection of renal structures that are involved in the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure. It consists of the juxtaglomeral zone, glomeruli and blood vessels.

The juxtaglomerular zone is the area of ​​the kidneys located between the collecting ducts and the renal arteries. It consists of two types of cells - juxtaglomeric cells and interstitial cells. Juxtaglomeric cells are the main regulators of blood pressure, they secrete renin, which activates angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), which in turn converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict, leading to increased blood pressure. Interstitial cells also participate in the regulation of blood pressure by secreting natriuretic peptides, which reduce sodium levels in the blood and thereby lower blood pressure.

The renal glomeruli are the structures where blood is filtered from the blood capillaries into Bowman's capsules. They consist of two layers - the endothelium and the basement membrane. A filtration process occurs in the glomeruli, during which unnecessary substances such as sodium, potassium, glucose and others are removed from the blood. This process is regulated by juxtaglomeres, which secrete natriuretic peptide, which reduces sodium levels in the blood.

Blood vessels are structures that provide blood flow to the kidneys. They consist of three layers - inner, middle and outer. The inner layer is made up of endothelial cells, the middle layer is made up of smooth muscle cells, and the outer layer is made up of connective tissue. Blood vessels also regulate blood pressure as they can dilate or contract depending on blood pressure levels.