Ketamine: A Non-Inhalational Anesthesia Agent
Ketamine is a pharmaceutical drug used in medicine for non-inhalational anesthesia. It belongs to the group of non-barbiturate drugs and is widely used in various medical procedures. In this article, we will review the basic aspects of ketamine, including its manufacturers, dosage forms, composition, indications for use, contraindications, side effects, interactions with other drugs, and special instructions.
Manufacturers of ketamine include Astrapin (Germany), Moscow Endocrine Plant and Moskhimfarmpreparaty im. ON THE. Semashko (Russia), Panpharma (France) and Farmak (Ukraine). This indicates that the drug is available in different countries and is produced by different pharmaceutical companies.
Ketamine is marketed under various trade names such as Calypsol, Ketalar, Ketamine hydrochloride and Ketanest. It is available as an injection solution with different concentrations of the active substance: 10 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 250 mg and 5%. The active ingredient in ketamine is ketamine itself.
Ketamine is used in a variety of situations, including induction of anesthesia, basic anesthesia for pain relief for short-term operations and painful instrumental procedures. It can be used in dentistry, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, gynecology, obstetrics and other fields of medicine. In addition, ketamine can be used for pain relief when transporting patients and treating burn surfaces.
However, ketamine also has contraindications. Some of them include cerebrovascular accident, hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, alcoholism and epilepsy in children. There are also restrictions on the use of ketamine for kidney disease, angina pectoris, decompensated heart failure and operations on the larynx and pharynx.
Side effects may occur when using ketamine. These may include increased blood pressure, tachycardia, salivation, nausea, shortness of breath, depression of the respiratory center, muscle rigidity, increased muscle activity, obstruction of the upper respiratory tract and others. Upon recovery from anesthesia, hallucinations, psychomotor agitation, and dysphoria may occur.
Ketamine may interact with other drugs, so it is important to tell your doctor about all the medications you take, including prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal remedies. It is especially important to report any medications that affect the central nervous system, such as sedatives, antidepressants, and alcohol.
Before using ketamine, it is important to consult with your doctor and follow his or her recommendations. Your doctor will evaluate the indications and contraindications for using ketamine in your specific case. He will also determine the required dose and method of administration of the drug.
It is important to note that the information provided here is general information only and is not a substitute for consultation with a qualified healthcare professional. If you have questions or concerns about using ketamine, please contact your healthcare professional for individual advice and recommendations.
And remember that self-medication and changing the dosage of ketamine without a doctor's instructions can be dangerous to your health.