Endothelial cell

Article on the topic **: Endothelial cell.**

**Endothelial cells** are specialized cells that provide support for, limit, and separate the capillary structure from the interstitium, contractile fibers of the muscular system vessels, and larger intervascular spaces. In their structure, they are elementary polygonal or polygonal multicellular formations with a predominance of elements such as mononuclear giant cells. All elements of these formations are supported by unicellular elements. The cell nuclei are surrounded by large dark grains. The size of one cell ranges from 5 to 300 μm in diameter. The cells adhere tightly to each other. In the spleen tissue, in some places their small parallel or convoluted course is observed, but in some cases it has a linear direction. This kind of arrangement and compaction of the endothelial cells of the spleen maintains normal blood flow through the vessels.

In the same areas where there are local circulatory disorders and the outflow of blood is very difficult, the presence of large mononuclear large shiny gray-black cells of irregular shape is observed, sometimes having the appearance of pillars, ribbons, cords and perceiving signs of later transformation into smooth muscle cells. Locally these changed

Cells of endothelial origin, also known as EPC cells. These cellular elements prevail in the circulatory network of the entire body and form the basis of blood vessels. They are also widely used for healing tissue damage (necrosis, mutilation) and for creating new arteries. When there are problems with the body's blood vessels, doctors send the resulting cells to organs where they build new arteries.

Endothelial cells are responsible for stabilizing blood pressure levels and protectively separating dangerous microorganisms from healthy blood and thereby preventing disease. The production of special substances such as nitric oxide helps to inhibit the formation of blood clots, which can lead to a heart attack and other problems.

Unfortunately, in scientific journals this topic has not been studied fully, but not at all. But recently, qualitative changes have begun to occur in this area. More and more scientists are studying the development of the disease, which appears when there is a deficiency of endothelial cells. Scientists are also actively working to improve the development of technologies that, in their opinion, can replenish the sources of endothelial cells to treat patients at earlier stages and improve the final treatment results and long-term survival of patients.

An endothelial cell is a special type of cell that forms the inner surface of blood vessels and other types of internal organs such as the lungs, kidneys and heart. Endothelial cells have many functions, including regulating blood flow, maintaining homeostasis, protecting against infection and physical injury, and reducing inflammation.

Endothelial cells were discovered in 1890 by French researcher Albert Demand. He noticed that some blood vessels, when the inner walls were damaged, showed a structure reminiscent of the cytoplasm of a cell. This meant that there was a new cell inside the blood vessel. Further studies confirmed that these endothelial cells made up the inside of blood vessels.