Infant Mortality Rate

The infant mortality rate is an important demographic indicator that reflects the level of health and well-being of children in a particular country or region. This indicator is calculated as the ratio of the number of children who died before the age of one year to the number of children born alive within one year.

The infant mortality rate is expressed in ppm or per 1000 live births. It is calculated as the average between the neonatal mortality rate and the mortality rate in the first year of life. The neonatal mortality rate is the ratio of the number of newborns who died in the first three days of life to the number of live births during the same period. The mortality rate in the first year of life is the ratio of the number of children who died between the ages of one month and one year to the number of living children at the end of the year.

High infant mortality rates can be caused by a variety of factors, including poor health care, malnutrition, infectious diseases, birth defects and other causes. The low rate may be due to improved living conditions, improved nutrition and health care, and more effective prevention and treatment measures.

Infant mortality rates vary widely across countries. For example, in some developed countries it is around 4-5 ppm, while in developing countries it can reach 30-40 ppm. In Russia, the infant mortality rate is currently about 7 ppm and is one of the highest in the world.

To reduce the infant mortality rate, it is necessary to take measures to improve living conditions and health care. This may include improving access to quality health care, ensuring access to quality nutrition and improving sanitation. It is also important to carry out preventive measures such as vaccinations, prevention of infectious diseases and control of nutritional deficiencies.

Thus, the infant mortality rate is an important indicator of the health and well-being of children. It can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to improve children's health and for comparison with other countries.

The infant mortality rate is one of the main indicators of the country's demographic development and reflects the level of health of the child population. It is calculated as the ratio of the number of children who died before the age of one year to the number of children who were born alive during a certain period of time.

The infant mortality rate is measured in ppm and shows how many children die during the year for every thousand children who are born. The higher this indicator, the more children die at an early age and the worse the health of the child population as a whole.

To calculate the infant mortality rate, it is necessary to know the total number of children born alive over a certain period of time (for example, a year), as well as the number of children who died before the 1st year of life.

The value of the infant mortality rate depends on many factors, such as the socio-economic development of the country, the level of healthcare, the availability of medical care, nutrition and living conditions of children. For example, in countries with low levels of economic development and insufficient health care facilities, infant mortality rates tend to be higher than in developed countries.

In some countries, the infant mortality rate is a major health problem and requires action to reduce it. For example, governments can implement programs to improve children's living conditions, provide access to health care, and implement preventive interventions to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality.

Thus, the infant mortality rate is an important demographic indicator that reflects the level of health of children and requires attention from governments and society at large.