Mesoglia

Mesoglia is the third form of nervous tissue that forms the supporting structure of the brain and connects it to the spinal cord. This type of nerve tissue includes producer cells, which produce neurotrophic factors, and glial cells, which support, protect, and nourish nearby nerve cells by supplying them with oxygen, glucose, and nutrients.

The term "mesoglia" was introduced at the beginning of the 20th century by the German psychiatrist August Vogel. After more than 20 years of research, he proposed that this type of tissue is responsible for regulating the structural and metabolic homeostasis of the central nervous system, including the expansion and contraction of the medulla. In this regard, the question arose of how this tissue interacts with other elements of the brain. This suggested that it performs a regulatory function related to the development and functioning of the brain, as well as the occurrence of pathology.

An important finding is that microglia, called glial cells, which typically play the role of macrophages in the immune system and protect against infections, are also involved in metabolism and regulation of the nervous system. Within microglial cells are vesicles (important molecular carriers) and a variety of enzymes that provide a nutrient delivery system and control of neurotransmitter transmission. In the future, research discoveries regarding mesoglia will expand our knowledge of the physiology and function of nervous tissue in general. It is important to note that common terms or misconceptions about this tissue are that it is synonymous with the terms gliocytes, astrocytes, and ependymocytes.

Thus, mesoglia is the third type of nervous tissue that deserves detailed study for a better understanding of the functioning of the central nervous system as a whole, and therefore will help develop new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of various diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, etc. d.