Urinary Tract

Introduction

The urinary tract is a set of anatomical structures that are involved in the processes of accumulation and excretion of urine from the body. These pathways include the renal pelvis with its drainage from the ureters, the urinary organs (bladder), and the urethra (urethra). Urinary excretion is the active process of moving urine through the urinary tract, which is supported by various mechanisms, such as the pumping function of the organs and the rhythmic contraction of muscles.

Structure and functions

The renal pelvis accumulates urine coming from the kidneys. From there, urine passes into the ureters, hollow tubes that transport urine to the bladder. The urethra, which is a narrow canal, provides a channel for urine to drain from the bladder and be released to the outside.

Anatomical education

The renal pelvis is part of the kidney and consists of large cups connected to each other by a narrow slit. Urine formed by nephrons appears in the pelvis. The wall of the pelvis contains muscle and connective tissue, as well as connective tissue membranes that form the mucous membrane. The pelvis has an opening with a valve on the wall, which allows urine to be drained from the kidneys into the calyces.

The calyxes form a collective community located at the apex of each pelvis. They have two urinary ducts, one of which opens into the upper part of the pelvis, forming the renal fossa, and the other opens into the internal cavity of the calyx through openings called foramina. The entire surface of the cups is covered with epithelium.

The ureter is an unpaired hollow tubular organ that extends upward from its entry into the lateral wall of the bladder. The upper end of the ureter ends in an opening in the bladder, which lies on the anterior wall of the pubic bone. The lower end of the ureter passes through the wall of the pelvis underneath into the abdominal cavity and opens in the iliac fossa through the urogenital fold or over the anterior wall of the anterior part of the bladder. At the level of the connection of the ureters with the bladder, it contains a valve that ensures the reverse flow of urine in case of sudden retention. The space between the ureters is called lumbar lymph. The walls of the ureter consist of muscle and connective tissue. The ureter is covered by a perineural sheath, which contains the lower membranous sheet.

The urinary tract is a set of anatomical structures that ensure the accumulation and removal of urine from the body. The human genitourinary system is made up of organs and structures that work together to perform this function.

The urinary tract includes the renal pelvis with the cups that fall into them,