Mycology

Mycology is the science of mushrooms, which studies their morphology, physiology, ecology and significance in nature and human life. Fungi are among the most common organisms on Earth, with more than 1 million species. They play an important role in ecosystems, ensuring the cycling of nutrients and the decomposition of organic matter. However, some types of fungi can cause diseases in humans and animals, so mycology is of practical importance for medicine, agriculture and the food industry.

Mycological research began in ancient times, when people began to notice mushrooms in nature. In the Middle Ages, the first mushrooms and their use in medicine were described. Currently, mycology continues to develop, new types of fungi are being studied, and methods for their identification and description are being developed.

The study of fungi includes morphological, anatomical and physiological studies, as well as the study of their ecology. The morphology of fungi includes a description of their appearance, shape and size, microscopic structures and pigments. Fungal anatomy studies the internal structure, including cellular structure, tissues, and organs. Physiology of fungi is the study of their metabolic processes, including growth, reproduction and development.

Fungal ecology studies their distribution, interactions with other organisms, and impact on the environment. The importance of mushrooms in nature is determined by their role in the cycle of nutrients, the decomposition of organic residues and the formation of the soil layer. In addition, mushrooms can serve as indicators of the ecological state of the environment.

In medical mycology, fungi cause various diseases in humans, such as mycoses of the skin, mucous membranes, nails and internal organs. Some types of fungi are pathogens that cause disease in animals.

Food mycology studies mushrooms used in cooking, as well as their biological properties and toxicity. Some mushrooms contain biologically active substances that are used in medicine and cosmetics.

Agricultural mycology is the study of fungi used as fertilizers and plant growth stimulants.

In botany or zoology, human taxonomy is recognized as inconvenient and inconvenient. This is sometimes called the genus problem (species A + species B = genus C). In mycology, this problem is its opposite, that is, all viruses are divided by genus and species. Species M y k o p h i l a is the genus M u h o m o l o g u s, which includes five species, as well as one or two species and several subtypes. If a particular species is not able to grow in all parts of the plant, although it is usually compatible with it, then it is placed in the subgroup