Nasal Branches External Infraorbital Nerve

The nasal branches of the external infraorbital nerve, also known as rami nasales externi or PNA, BNA, JNA (according to its Latin abbreviations), are important structures in human anatomy. They are branches of the infraorbital nerve that provide innervation to several areas of the face, including the nasal cavity and its surrounding structures.

The anatomy of the infraorbital nerve and its nasal branches is complex and precise. The infraorbital nerve is the second branch of the fifth cephalic nerve (trigeminal nerve) and consists of three main subbranches: the external nasal branch, the internal nasal branch and the frontal branch.

The nasal branches of the external infraorbital nerve pass around the inferior margin of the orbit and are directed anteriorly to innervate various structures in the nasal region. They provide sensation to the nasal cavity, including the nasal mucosa, tip of the nose, nasal passages, and some skin areas around the nose.

The functions of the nasal branches of the external infraorbital nerve are associated with the peripheral innervation of the nasal cavity and play an important role in providing tactile and pain sensitivity in this area. They may also be associated with certain clinical symptoms and conditions, such as facial pain syndromes, rhinitis and other disorders associated with the nasal cavity.

Studying the anatomy of the nasal branches of the external infraorbital nerve is important for surgeons, medical professionals and medical students. Understanding their anatomy and functions helps in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases associated with the nasal cavity, as well as in performing various surgical procedures in the facial area.

In conclusion, the nasal branches of the external infraorbital nerve are important structures providing innervation to the nasal cavity and associated areas. The study of their anatomy and functions plays a key role in understanding the anatomy of the head and neck, as well as in practical medicine, especially in the fields of orthopedics, otolaryngology and neurosurgery.

The nose is one of the important sense organs that provides the olfactory function. In addition, it is an important part of our face and has numerous anatomical features. The nasal branches of the external infraorbital nerves refer to the nerve fibers that pass through and enter the nose. They are responsible for regulating many functions of the respiratory and vascular system, and also provide the sensation of temperature and touch.

The total number of these branches can vary from 2 to 6. These branches are the largest in the frontonasal triangle and connect the bony structures of the nose with the bones of the skull, including the sphenoid bone. There are several types of these branches, which differ in location, number and size.

The external nasal veins arise from the external arteries of the nose and run parallel to the posterior surface of the mucous membrane, direct their course to the base of the nasal septum and then into the system of venous canals of the pterygomaxillary joint. With pressure on the maxillary sinuses or with reflex contraction of muscle fibers, innervation and contraction of the branch itself occurs. This mechanism allows blood to flow back from the maxillary sinus into the sinus system.

Based on various sources, these branches may influence various functions of the nose. For example, they may play an important role in odor reflexes or provide some insulation to the nose during the cold season. However, it must be borne in mind that the nasal branches often arise as a result of serious injuries, so you should not overuse their stimulation for medicinal purposes.