Nucleolus (Nucleolus, Pl. Nucleoli)

The nucleolus is a dense formation that is located in the cell nucleus. It plays an important role in cell biosynthesis, especially in the synthesis of protein and RNA. Nucleoli can be found in cells of all eukaryotes, but they are most common in cells that are actively dividing.

The nucleolus consists of RNA and proteins that are involved in the synthesis of RNA and ribosomes. Ribosomes are cell organelles that are responsible for protein synthesis. The ribosome consists of two subunits - small and large, which are connected together. Each subunit contains a small RNA molecule that serves as a template for protein synthesis.

The process of protein synthesis begins with the synthesis of RNA on the large subunit of the ribosome. The RNA then moves to the small subunit and begins protein synthesis. This process occurs in the nucleolus, where RNA serves as a template for protein synthesis. After protein synthesis, the RNA is removed from the small ribosomal subunit and reused to synthesize new proteins.

Thus, the nucleolus is an important component of cell biosynthesis and plays a key role in the formation of RNA and protein synthesis.

NucleiShKO

A dense, rounded formation located in the nucleolus. Bacterial cutter. Provides the protein-synthesizing function of the ribosome

The NUCLEOL is the nucleolar fraction of the interphase cell of prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), as well as almost all eukaryotic cells with a large nucleus. Important structure in protein translation.

The shape of this structure corresponds to the shape of a nucleolar body, the structure of which partly repeats nuclear chromatin.

The sizes of the nucleoli range from 0.5 to 1.3 µm in diameter. However, in highly differentiated cells these sizes are significantly reduced. The number of nucleoli in a cell may vary. Usually there are several of them: two, less often three or more than four. The concentration of ribosomal subparticles outside the nucleoli is greater than inside them. Therefore, there are no hyaline elements in the hyaloplasm, and pale colored granules and homogeneous areas are distinguished in the nucleoli. Congo and malachite green are most often used to color material concentrated in the nucleoli. Histones and chromatin in the nucleoli are stained more intensely than in the hyaloplasm. Under an electron microscope, the heterogeneous homogeneous structure of the nucleoli gives the impression of fibrillar material. On the surface, on the cytoplasmic side of most nucleoli, a very thin finger-like zone of unstained dense material is found - so-pherosome (pax-oproteina) ("hyalosome"), which is considered the location of presumably nuclear rRNA, tRNA and some other sequential genes, regulation of transcription which occurs exclusively in interphase. Genes encoding pseudogenes in bacteria are localized on both sides of ringed chromosomes or at the ends of individual chromosomes. There is evidence of multiple gene positions. Thus, the connection of nucleoli with the processes of regulation of the synthesis of ribonucleic acids is not yet

The nucleolus is an important cellular organ that is located at the center of the cell nucleus and plays a key role in maintaining cell health. It is usually spherical in shape and consists of a complex set of components, including RNA and proteins.

The nucleolus produces about 5 percent of the body's total RNA. It is one of the largest extranuclear structures of the cell and performs the functions of forming ribosomes - the main mechanism for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are molecular machines that carry out protein synthesis in the cell. During synthesis, proteins are made from amino acids that come to the ribosome from the general protein pool. They then pass through the ribosome and are assembled into protein.

On average, there are several nucleoli per cell. They are usually present in numbers from two to six. The nucleoli have a relatively high density, but do not fuse together. Instead, they are separate from each other and share a common structure with the center of the nucleolus.