Ovarian cystomas

Ovarian cystomas: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Ovarian cystomas are benign tumors that form from the epithelium of the ovary. These tumors may be serous or mucinous and may have various morphological features such as smooth-walled or papillary cystomas. In this article we will look at the causes of ovarian cysts, their symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment.

Causes of ovarian cysts

The causes of ovarian cysts are unknown, but it is known that these tumors most often develop in women aged 40-60 years. Ovarian cysts can be unilateral or bilateral, and can also be single-chamber or multi-chamber.

Symptoms of ovarian cysts

Symptoms of ovarian cysts depend on the size and location of the tumor. Even small tumors can cause a feeling of heaviness and pain in the lower abdomen. When the bladder and intestines are compressed, urination and defecation are impaired. Some tumors are characterized by ascites. A common complication of ovarian cysts is torsion of the tumor stalk.

Diagnosis of ovarian cysts

The diagnosis of ovarian cysts is established on the basis of gynecological, ultrasound and histological examinations. Diagnostic centers use special studies for the purpose of preoperative differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors.

Treatment for ovarian cysts

Treatment of ovarian cysts is surgical, since regardless of the size of the tumor, there is a risk of malignancy. During the operation, an urgent histological examination of the tumor tissue is performed. In case of serous smooth-walled cystoma in young women, it is permissible to remove the tumor leaving healthy ovarian tissue; in postmenopause, panhysterectomy is necessary - removal of the uterus and its appendages. For serous papillary and mucinous cystomas, the affected ovary in women of reproductive age is removed; in postmenopausal women, the uterus and its appendages are removed. If the pedicle of an ovarian tumor is torsed or the tumor capsule is ruptured, surgery is performed as an emergency.

The prognosis for timely surgery is favorable. Women who have undergone surgery for serous papillary cysts should be observed by a gynecologist. It is important to pay attention to the possible recurrence and development of malignant ovarian tumors in the future.

In conclusion, ovarian cystomas are a common condition in women, especially in middle and old age. Symptoms can vary, and often the tumor is discovered incidentally during diagnostic tests. For an accurate diagnosis and determination of treatment tactics, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive diagnosis and consult with specialists. Treatment of ovarian cysts should be prompt and carried out in specialized medical institutions.