Drumsticks (Clubbing)

Clubbing is a thickening of the nail phalanges of the fingers and toes, resulting in a right angle being formed between the nail and the finger. The nail begins to protrude in all directions, and in the most severe cases, the ends of the fingers take on the appearance of drumsticks.

This lesion is observed in the following diseases:

1. Pulmonary tuberculosis
2. Bronchiectasis
3. Empyema of the pleura
4. Infective endocarditis
5. Congenital heart diseases accompanied by cyanosis
6. Lung cancer

Drumsticks can also occur as a result of a harmless congenital malformation.

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